Life in the Trenches Essay

World War One, also known as the Great War, was a war that would change all wars. Never in the history of humanity had there been a war fought in such a manor, and it would change the way all wars that followed it were fought. World War I was expected to be a relatively short war, as those in the past had been, and a war of great battles and movement. However WWI was typified by its lack of movement, years of stalemates and â€Å"great battles† that turned out to be massive slaughters where hundreds of thousands of men died for a very small gain in territory. The most important aspect of WWI that made it so unique was its use of a new tactic of digging a series of connecting trenches that carved up the landscape of the Western and Eastern fronts. This use of trenches by both the Allies and the Germans was one of the primary reasons that WWI lasted as long as it did. Life in the trenches was a horrifying experience for any man who served in the Great War. The terrible conditions in the trenches would only be fully known by the public after the war was over in late 1918. The armies of the Allies had strict rules against the public gaining knowledge of the details of the war and used many methods to prevent them knowing the truth. After the Battle of the Marne in September 1914, the German army was forced to retreat. They had failed in their objective to force France into and early surrender and rather than give up the land that they had gained they dug into the ground to secure their position and protect themselves from the Allie fire. Because the Germans were at an advantage of being able to fire at the Allies from below ground level because of this the Allies could not break the German trench line. It was apparent that the Germans would not be removed the Allies followed the German example and dug their own trenches. It was this event that halted movement on both sides and changed the style of warfare forever. Trenches soon stretched across the countryside and spread from the North Sea to Switzerland. Trench life soon became as mentally and physically taxing on soldiers as the actual fighting element of the war. Disease, rats, lice, and boredom became a part of daily life for a soldier in the trenches. After the war was over there were many accounts from soldiers of the appalling conditions and the amount of death that occurred in the trenches. It was estimated that up to  one third of Allied casualties on the Western Front were actually sustained in the trenches . Aside from injuries caused by the enemy, disease accounted for a large amount of that total. Many accounts from soldiers of their time spent in the trenches are dominated by an emphasis on the amount of mud. Living in the trenches soldiers were rarely clean and when they were they did not stay that way for very long. Because of the lack of sanitary conditions in the trenches men suffered from many pests such as rats and frogs as well as more harmful things like lice and diseases like trench foot and shell shock. The rats in the trenches became a problem for the soldiers because there was no way to avoid them or get rid of them. A single pair of rats could produce almost 900 offspring in a year so the infestation continued throughout the war. Rats in the trenches were rumoured to have grown as large as cats on occasion, from eating or stealing scraps and feeding off the corpses of dead soldiers. Because the rats became so fearless the men in the trenches came to loathe them and often spent free time killing them and setting traps . Yet another annoying pest was the lice that continually plagued the men. Soldiers could spend up to an hour a day burning the lice off their bodies and clothes in an attempt to rid themselves of the pests; but the effort was all in vain because they would only be re-infested the next day. Occasionally the men were sent to clean themselves in large baths while their clothes were being put through delousing machines. Unfortunately, this rarely worked; a fair proportion of the eggs remained in the clothes and within two or three hours of the clothes being put on again a man’s body heat had hatched them out. Because of the continuously muddy conditions the men often walked around in mud and water sometimes covering as far up as their knees or waists. During the early part of the war over 20,000 men were treated for a condition that became known as trench foot. This was an infection of the feet caused by cold, wet and unsanitary conditions. Without being able to remove wet socks or boots the feet would gradually go numb and the skin would turn red or blue. If untreated, trench foot could turn gangrenous and result in  amputation. The only remedy for trench foot was for the soldiers to dry their feet and change their socks several times a day. By the end of 1915 British soldiers in the trenches had to have three pairs of socks with them and were under orders to change their socks at least twice a day. As well as drying their feet, soldiers were told to cover their feet with grease made from whale oil. The Allies needed to make sure that there would be no additional factors that would affect the morale at home; news of the conditions that the soldiers were forced to live in and the continuing stalemates would surely do that. If confidence in the war effort was diminished and the truth about the trenches was known there would be fewer new recruits and the Allies would be challenged to keep up with the Germans numbers. Most soldiers during the war chose to conceal the horrors of the trench warfare not wishing to expose their families to it. But those who wished to confide in family members and try to share with them their experiences were prevented from doing so by new laws that were put into place. The House of Commons passed the Defence of the Realm Act on August 8th 1914 without debate . The Act gave the government executive power to suppress criticism, imprison without trial and commandeer economic resources for the war effort. As a result all letters that the men wrote were read and censored by the junior officers. Although soldiers were encouraged to write letters to friends and family, the contents of the letters were monitored strictly by the junior officers in accordance with the new laws guidelines. Anything that disclosed information about military action would be removed to ensure that the Allies plans could not get to the Germans. The junior officers were also instructed to remove anything from the letters that discussed the conditions of the trenches or insinuated that the soldiers did not have faith in the actions that were being taken by the army. The members of parliament believed that if family members were to receive letters of that nature the morale in Britain would be effected which would affect the war effort all together. Britain and France also had problems deciding what to do about journalists who were reporting the war. Originally under the Defence of the Realm Act Britain put strict limitations on all reporters often preventing their  articles from making it back to Britain from France. After complaints from the USA on how the British government was treating the situation a cabinet meeting was held to change the policy and to allow selected journalists to report the war. The British government appointed five men to be accredited war correspondents in January of 1915. These men were to remain on the Western Front but to be permitted to do so these journalists had to accept government control over what they wrote. As a result of government interference even the disastrous first day of the Battle of the Somme was reported as a victory. Although some defended their actions saying that they were attempting to â€Å"spare the feelings of men and women, who, have sons and husbands fighting in France†; most of the journalists admitted that they were deeply ashamed of what they had written. After the war most of the accredited war correspondents were offered knighthoods by George V. Some agreed to accept the offer but others like Hamilton Fyfe refused seeing the knighthood as a bribe to keep quiet about the inefficiency and corruption he had witnessed during the war. Fyfe would later become a member of the Union of Democratic Control after the war, and would speak out as a strong critic of the Versailles Peace Treaty . There were a few other instances of the British government preventing criticism of the war from being published. In 1916 the Clyde Workers Committee journal, called The Worker, was brought to court under the Defence of the Realm Act for an article that criticized the war. The two editors of the journal were found guilty and sent to prison, one for six months and the other for a year . Critical novels that were written during the war were prevented from being published or banned if they did make it to publication. A.T. Fitzroy’s Despised and Rejected, about conscientious objectors during WWI, was published in April 1918. A thousand copies were sold before the book was banned and the publisher prosecuted under the Defence of the Realm Act. Another novel, What Not: A Prophetic Comedy by Rose Macaulay, which ridiculed wartime bureaucracy, was prevented from being published near the end of 1918. Instead it was not published until after the Armistice. So although the conditions for the men who fought in the First World War were horrific, the public did not realize the sacrifices that had been made for their freedom on a daily basis. The suppression of the truth by the British government is a controversial topic that is still debated today. Whether or not the British were justified in preventing the public from knowing the truth it was inevitably disclosed after the wars conclusion. The images seen and the conditions endured plagued on many men’s minds after the war was over. The Great War, a war that was to be one of heroic battles and great movement, turned into a war remembered for its lack of movement, its number of casualties and the conditions that had to be endured. World War One changed the way all wars after it were fought, but not for the better.

Psychology Post Labor Day

This Sync drone results in anxiety, lack of motivation, difficulty concentrating and a feeling of e emptiness during the first few weeks of returning to work. There is a lot of factual inform action that is used to back up this idea. Most of the research is professionally studied and scientifically proved. However, some evidence is stronger than others. This article provides a lot of evidence. This article is mostly scientific because almost all of the information comes from professional doctors, journals, or SST dies.For example, a study of 96 Dutch workers â€Å"found that health and wellbeing return De to pre vacation levels during the first week back at work. † This was conducted by pro fissionable and published in the journal Work and Stress. The article also states information on and then tells the readers where that information came from, weather it was a jog renal or a person. For example, after the article explains to be alert for symptoms of Pos t Vacation Syndrome, it refers to its source, â€Å"†¦ Says Katherine Mueller, assistant director o f the Center for Integrative Psychotherapy in Allentown, P. † The article gives a thou rough description of who the person is. Her occupation/ position and her location. Some evidence is slightly stronger scientifically than others because of its accuracy. Not all the people who are mentioned in this article are 100% correct but they are not war Eng either. Some evidence gives a more accurate description than others. For example, † An estimated 6% of the U. S. Population suffers from SAD† (Seasonal Affective Dies order) This piece of evidence gives a numerical value which makes it more accurate than the statements above.Most evidence in this article is factual however there are some opinions. Facts are pieces Of information that are scientifically proven while opinions are the way someone thinks and their viewpoint on a topic. For example, Emily Clicking has an opinion on children' s' and adults' mindsets on going back to school. ‘†General Y, kids can't wait to go back to school. For parents, that means months of purchasing , planning, nagging, chauffeuring, chaperoning and negotiating. † This is an opinion because SE it is not true for all children and parents to view going back to school that way.That SST atonement reflects more on Clinician's point of view than on scientifically proven facts. If Clicking would have mentioned a percentage of how many kids are excited to go back to school and how many parents are not excited for the school year to begin, it would b e a more reliable source. Findings in this article are trustworthy because it uses a lot of sources such as different people and different studies in different journals. This create s an unbiased argument.

A Philosophical Approach To Animal Rights Philosophy Essay

A Philosophical Approach To Animal Rights Philosophy Essay Rights are certain codes of freedom or some sort of allowed medians based on certain legal system or ethical theories. Every organism born with some rights, it is the society or the system which understands and allocates these norms to that particular individual and also does the grading among the living beings. This paper is mainly concern with the animal’s rights, their legal position in our society and also their autonomy. Human being is by nature a selfish being and if we look through the window of history, man has been using animals for their benefits without caring about their rights and freedom. From very beginning human and animals are in close interactions with each other, human use them as food, make them to do their work, use them for decoration purpose, use them as watch man, use their lather and also use them for experimentation. In spite of hundreds of benefits which animals provide to human, human do no or less care about their rights and legal position and is busy in harming animals and violating legal norms which should be given to these animals. Non-human animals should be given rights and protection in the society and there should be a governing body which should govern and implements these rights and norms. It is a fact that animals are an important component of a country economy, the use of animals is a bit compulsory nowadays. Many industries such as lather industries, diary industries, pharmaceutical industries, food industries, and textile industries all rest on animals and their products. I have no objection regarding the use of animals but this use should be justified and limited and if the use is experimentation then the 3Rs Principlesshould be followed, which are Reduction, Refinement and Replacement. By reduction he means that reduce the number of animals used, if you are using 100, use 50. Similarly by refinement he means that refine your method so that less or no harm is given, by replacement he means that replace higher a nimals by lower animals or animals by computer models. There is a difference between use and cruelty, use and harm, it is clear that their use cannot be avoided but what can be done is to follow certain rules and guidelines regarding their use. These rules should be provided by an ethical committee and implemented by government. This paper will give you an idea about the thinking of various philosophers and great persons regarding animal rights from the very beginning till date. Ancient world and Animals: Human dominancy has been reported in â€Å"Genesis† which quotes that Adam was told to be dominated over fishes, creatures of winds and all creeping creatures, keeping this in mind man had violated animal rights for centuries and centuries. But in fact the quote does not mean that human should be cruel to animals; it only represents supremacy of humans over other creatures. On the other hand certain people believe that they are inferior to human because they lack rationality and language. These two reasons were considered as a right to use animals as food, clothing, for entertainment and as research subject.

Employment discrimination Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Employment discrimination - Research Paper Example The paper relates to the laws of employment discrimination in America. The research question is what the current state of employment discrimination in America is and what are laws that relates to employment discrimination in America? In United States of America people have long dreamt of a workplace that would provide access to equal opportunity to the Arab workers irrespective of age, sex race or other discriminatory criteria. Title seven of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was enacted with the promise of equal employment opportunity to all irrespective of any sort of discrimination. The employer could no longer discriminate amongst the employees in matters such as hiring, promoting, pay, firing and other employment related decisions. The victims are required to file cases of discrimination with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). David Wessel, a reporter at Wall Street Journal stated that 81% of the Arabs were deprived of the opportunities as enjoyed by the whites following a recent poll that was aimed at asking whether the racial minorities have equal job opportunities. According to the Wall Street report of 2009, the allegation of discrimination by the employees on the basis of age was at a recor d high of 4600 (Basu 71). There was an increase of 29% in the number of claims. Discrimination on the basis of age is a direct violation of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) that prohibits discrimination on basis of age (Kramer 92). The practices that are prohibited by the act are parallel to that under the Title 7 and are aimed at protecting people above the age of 40. Source: Federal Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in American Constitution Society for Law and Policy; â€Å"Age Discrimination Reaching New Heights, Lows†; Official Website of American Constitution Society for Law and Policy, 11 March 2009; Web; 15 May 2015. The companies are

Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Strategy - Essay Example The important part of the business strategy is to ensure that the resources and the competencies are evaluated and much more understood. The process is known as strategic audit of a business strategy (Government Commerce Office Great Britain, 2004) An example of strategy is like a situation where a business decides to start operating beyond the borders of its home country. Literature Review Phases of Strategy Execution Before embarking on the study, it is important to know what a business strategy entails and the steps of forming and implementing a business strategy. The prime steps in executing a strategy include, the formation and analysis, development, implementation and review of strategy as per the international marketing strategy book by Doole and Lowe say in their book. Basically, formation and analysis of strategy is the introduction of international operations of business in an international environment of trading. Considerations have to be considered with regards to cultura l and social environments of international marketing. Development of strategy focuses on the fact whether a business is medium or small sized. The world strategies of a business are considered and the entry to a given market alike. There is also the part of the international commodity management. While implementing a business strategy, there are functions involved with the likes of international way of contacting other businesses and basically the communication part of it. There is also the management of the international logistics and distribution. The prices are also set that suit the international market. Enabling technologies are put in place as well. Reviewing of a strategy as the last step is the reviewing of the implemented strategy to asses its performance. This involves evaluating performance and initiating adjustments meant for correcting long term direction, condition changes, new ideas and emerging opportunities. It aims at deciding on the continuity of the companyâ€⠄¢s vision, the objectives or the implementation methods of the strategy. (Doole and Lowe, 2008) This study is for the purpose of expounding on the issue of strategy and in terms of a specific case of Starbucks Company and it is going to consider the company in all fronts of a business strategy. That is, in terms of the four major steps of coming up with a business strategy; forming, developing, implementing, and reviewing of a strategy for an organization. One of the business strategies Starbucks has had in the recent past is the internationalization strategy. This strategy was done in the four steps aforementioned. These are going to be explained in the following write-out. Basically, Starbucks Company buys whole bean coffees and roasts them. It also makes offers of fine pastries, premium Tazo teas and other delicacies. It provides an entertainment environment as well for the visitors of their shops. (starbucks, 2011) Starbucks is a renown brands of those brands of coffee sold glo bally. It is now established in around 43 nations with about 15,000 franchises of coffee shops around the globe. This company was first set up in year 1971 as a small coffee retailer specialty and it was in Seattle. (Daft, Murphy and Willmott, 2010 p49) Starbucks has since 1971 had a change of direction by entering new markets such as Japan, Hawaii, Singapore, and since year

HOW NOVA SCOTIA CAN BE A BETTER PLACE TO LIVE Essay

HOW NOVA SCOTIA CAN BE A BETTER PLACE TO LIVE - Essay Example The modern world requires the establishment of industrial buildings which emits hazardous gases in the atmosphere and toxic wastes in the water systems. Nova Scotia is not exempted from this problem of developed cities. According to Dr Ross, the president of the American Academy of Environmental Medicine, â€Å"Nova Scotia and New Brunswick already have significant problems with indoor air pollution and have an alarming number of cases of environmentally induced illness/chemical sensitivity and asthma† (Allergy and Environmental Health Organization 1). As a citizen of Nova Scotia, each of us should unite in order to fight this problem by ensuring that business organizations operating within our community adhere to the set standard in sustainable development. Furthermore, we should do small acts like cleaning up our yard, segregating and properly disposing our garbage. Literacy is an important issue which is being considered by not for profit institutions which all aim to provide a venue in educating both young and old (Literacy Nova Scotia 1). I believe that in this modern time, our society can better function if all the citizens are literate. If everyone is able to read, write, and comprehend, a level playing field is created where each one is considered for available job opportunities. Literacy also maximizes the potential of an individual and makes learning more efficient. I believe that well educated citizens will be more beneficial to the society as they are able to utilize their capabilities best. Lastly, Nova Scotia will be a better place to live in when everyone upholds moral excellence. The modern world brings with it moral degradation as parents lack the time to mold their children. Immorality causes the soaring number of crimes that we hear of everyday. Thus, in order to ensure peace and security, each of us should identify ways which we can contribute in

Hegemony and Educatiom Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hegemony and Educatiom - Research Paper Example This essay will also discuss the ethical issues and the negative effects contained in hegemony and education. As stated above, hegemony and education are closely related. Hegemony presents itself in various fields including cultural, religious, and regional studies. In the past, hegemony was closely associated with political and military rule of states. However, in the 20th century, it was centered on cultural hegemony. This concept was invented by Antonio Gramsci, a Marxist scholar (Roger, 1991). The concept was known as the cultural domination theory which is an analysis of the economic class. Therefore, the sociological and philosophical theories are an analysis of the norms that form social structures (Raymond, 1977). Elementary education is also known as primary education. It is usually a period of at least 8 years of schooling from age five or six (Brandt, 1986). However, this varies depending on the country that the learner is located in. The politico-military connection in th e ruling of a subordinate society encourages cultural and social tasks that are quite non-beneficial and deviant to the members of the society (Roger, 1991). These social, cultural and political issues are of significant effect in the elementary curriculum. In the elementary education level, both the learners and the staff are affected by the socio-cultural and economic factors. For example, elementary tutors face formidable challenges in their work. In the contemporary world, many elementary teachers are subjected to demands in the philosophy of education, standardized assessment of their teaching skills, and school organization. In general, critical pedagogy shows that there is unequal social stratification in the society (21st Century Schools, 2010). It is based on gender, race, and social class which are evident through the military and political rule in a social setup. At the elementary educational level, the learners are to be taught effectively to achieve a positive outcome i n the society in the future. However, the hegemonic control over various educational levels reflects negatively to the learners in various countries. Additionally, the issue of hegemonic masculinity has also affected the female tutors in most educational institutions. This concept has been contested and has also attracted serious criticism in the academic world (21st Century Schools, 2010). In hegemony, the authority relations are said to have significant implications in the way individuals understand ethics. Ethics can be defined as the moral way of life. Ethics is applied in most fields of life including the military sector. In the military, ethics guides the militia group to act consistently while following the necessities of the organization. Just like in the militia organization, schools have also set up ethical guidelines that are to be observed by the teachers, learners, and other staff in a school (King, Hollins & Hayman, 1994). In hegemony, the most common ethical issues th at are able to arise include diversity, inequity, injustice, and growth-hindrance factors that affect the society. These factors are considered the central ethical challenges in this case study. The ethical issues are likely to arise from the indirect rule in any subordinate state. The inequality and injustice elements in the society are based on gender, race, and economic class of the individual or society involved. Furthermore, the diversity and growth-hindra

Stevie Wonder's Misrepresented People Research Paper

Stevie Wonder's Misrepresented People - Research Paper Example Most of the African Americans were subject to â€Å"forced labor† (Boundless Learning 178; Butler 126). They were literally deprived of having the opportunity to gain access to proper education but also to get some decent paying jobs, attend churches, enter a hotel, have the right to vote, or to even participate in politics (Tischauser 86). Due to hatred, most of the African Americans were also not allowed to reside in the West (Tischauser 86). Back then, only 8% of the African Americans were treated as free (Boundless Learning 178). Instead of receiving formal education in schools, most of them were taught by the Muslim people. During the 17th century, the Europeans did not only enslave the African Americans but also â€Å"committed genocide against indigenous Americans† (Zach 169). â€Å"In the so-called â€Å"Land of God† My kind were treated hard. From back then until now I see, and you agree— We have been a misrepresented people† (2) â€Å"Fro m back then until now Just see my family tree; We have been a misrepresented people. We have been a misrepresented people.† (3) The second and third stanza expresses the idea that God created all human kind equally; yet they were treated badly by other race because of their â€Å"skin color† (Tischauser 86). ... (4) The fourth stanza talks about the development on how the African Americans were made free from forced slavery. In relation to Berlin’s Freedom Project, the African Americans became active in fighting for their â€Å"liberalization† and â€Å"emancipation† (Barney 56). After the African American soldiers went through a series of civil war, the African Americans had finally won their freedom from slavery (Barney 56). In fact, the civil war back then became a significant part of the American Revolution which has lead to the development of the concept of democracy and equality (Alexander and Rucker xxxiv). It was in the 20th century when the African Americans had finally had a complete freedom from their past. It was also in the 20th century when the African Americans were free to speak out their thoughts and ideas. â€Å"But while I prayed to God My moms and pops got whored. From back then until now You’ll see our history; We have been a misrepresented p eople†. (5) â€Å"From back then until now Just see my family tree; We have been a misrepresented people Yes, we have been a misrepresented people†. (6) â€Å"Though we march across time, A sea of victories, We have been a misrepresented people†. (9) The fifth, sixth, and ninth stanza strongly suggest that no matter what the African Americans do, there are still some people around the world who looks down on them. Over the past few decades, the African Americans have fought for their freedom and equal rights as human beings. Yet, despite winning a lot of victories over their freedom, some of them are still experiencing inequality and racial discrimination. All these are very much evident with the kind of job and educational opportunity that majority of the

Politics and Policy in Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Politics and Policy in Education - Essay Example The researcher states that politicians have the responsibility to take into account the welfare of the society and therefore education has become one of the first issues for all political parties’ agenda. Education has improved the market outcomes, particularly for the developing countries. Moreover, it has created positive thinking and attitudes, constructive way of socialization, modernization and overall transformation of the societies. In 1960s Higher Education Committee concluded in their report that education contributes towards economic growth. After around 30 years in 1990s loans were made available for students to help them with their education, and they were not required to repay this loan until they finish their studies and find a job, even then they were required to pay back the loan by installments. Money was invested in students who in return served the country and empowered the market economy. It also improved the social welfare and the economical and cultural c ircumstances. World Bank stressed on financing education in their report, describing education as a social and private investment. Markets and politicians both have realized the importance of financing education and therefore policies have been designed to support education. Markets, on the other hand, contend against free public education. After 1945 United Kingdom became a welfare state and government took the responsibility of health care, insurance, pensions, and child benefits. But with time it was realized that in order to remain efficient welfare system will have to be restructured and therefore nongovernmental organizations started to play a role too in social services (Zaleski, 2006). It was difficult for the government to bear all the social expenses therefore privatization was inevitable. Market became dominant in the economy by giving people license to pursue personal profit. All this made markets more competitive as barriers to entry were removes and everyone was given a level playing field. Mrs. Thatcher argued about privatization and reformation of the trade union. Thatcher's government injected competition and privatization. In Thatcher’s government education moved from being a pillar of the welfare state to being an instrument for a change and developing global market economy (Tomlinson, 2005). National curriculum was inspired from the free market to respond to the diversity of students. Following that the publishing of the league table promoted and motivated competition between schools, which was success for the market

Famous people, such as politicians and film stars Essay

Famous people, such as politicians and film stars - Essay Example Full time follow up of politicians and film stars by the media not only ruins the personal and social life of such famous people, but also speaks bad of the role of media in the society. The fight news of famous Bollywood couple Aishwarya Rai and Abhishek Bachchan is one potential example of the disregard of ethics by media as the news could have destroyed their personal life. It was reported by the media that Aishwarya Rai and Abhishek Bachchan had had exchange of harsh words at the recently held IIFA awards function. Media reported that Abhishek Bachchan was trying to convince Aishwarya Rai not to speak too loud and indecently at the awards, while Aishwarya Rai was not listening to him. Later, Mr. Bachchan asked the security to lock his wife up in a room. Now Aishwarya Rai happens to be the former Miss World (Yousaf). Public expects her to behave decently. However, the news offered a serious blow to her public image, though no body was really sure whether it was Aishwarya Raiâ€⠄¢s loud tone that started all the melodrama at the outset. Media’s portrayal of Mrs. Bachchan as an inconsiderate and disrespectful wife was by no means, rational. What reporters do to film stars is done by the journalists to politicians. This may also be one potential cause of the underrated performance of such politicians and celebrities. Every human being requires freedom, which is subdued by camera.

China Child Policy Essay Example for Free

China Child Policy Essay One of the things that people love and appreciate about the U.S.A is the fact that it’s a free country. There is about 322 million people that live in the U.S, each day marks thousands of new lives and deaths. Some people, like myself enjoy big and crowded families so they usually have more than 1 child. Now imagine having three kids and have two of them taken away from you because you’re not supposed to have more than 1. It sounds unfair and controlling but in China the â€Å"one child policy takes place†. China’s one child policy was first announced in 1979 by the Chinese president Deng Xiaoping as a method of controlling the fast growing population to help raise living standards. The policy limits couples to one child. In 1983 fourteen million women in china had abortions forced and organized by the same family-planning committee that killed Feng’s baby. In 2009, there were six million abortions. Now the government is working on letting certain couples have an extra child but only if both parties were born under the one child policy and had no siblings growing up. That way they prevent a drastic decrease in the population. I, personally think it’s unfair and too controlling of the Chinese government to control how many kids a family can have because it’s cruel and unfair to break up families like that. If a woman dares to get pregnant a second time, fines, pressures to abort the baby, and even forced sterilization will accompany her through her second pregnancy. For example a 23 year-old Chinese girl called Feng Jiamei was forced into abortion in the seventh month of pregnancy, the baby was killed by local Chinese â€Å"family-planning officials.† For one thing, people should have the freedom to decide how big a family they want. China’s once child policy takes away Chinese people’s human rights. Most Chinese kids don’t know what it feels like to have siblings, aunties, uncles, cousins etc. The Chinese government basically a dictatorship because they tell people how to run their families. China’ s one child policy takes away from the people’s human rights and I believe the Chinese population should rise up against the government and the â€Å"one child policy† policy because that’s unfair and the punishments such as forced abortion and sterilization are cruel and unusual. Chinese people need to rise up one day and let their voices be heard.

The Development Of Fundamental Movement Skills

The Development Of Fundamental Movement Skills The Development on Fundamental Movement Skills (FMS) during childhood is important for the development of that child as well as them being successful in sport, so they can learn other life skills. (Okely Booth 2004) To understand when Children should start to learn FMS is to understand the long term development model (LTD), knowing this will help indentify when children need to learn which skill by which age. (Balyi, 2004). During the first stage of the LTD is the FUNdametal stage which focuses on children aged 6-9. During this stage the children starts to learn the basic Fundamental movement patterns. Learning these skills is important as they are the building blocks to sport specific, for example kicking is a base in a number of skills in football, If a Child learns these skills it will contribute significantly their future athletic achievements (Balyi, 2004). Once the Child reaches 9 and 11 it is the most important periods of skills development, during this period they are developed enough to learn and complete general overall sports skills (Balyi, 2004). It has been recommended that all Children should of mastered all the basic FMS by the age of 8 (Gallahue and Ozmun, 2006) Jess et al (2004) also reported the importance of FMS stating that they allow children to pass through a proficiency barrier to allow the development of skills in the future. Booth et al (2004) reported that in a random sample of Year 4, Year 6, Year 8 and Year 10 children that less than 40% had mastered all the skills using subjective measures, suggesting that when the children should be learning FMS skills they are not developing them in the correct way There have been a number of studies that have looked on how to measure FMS mastery. The 2 main methods reported are objective and subjective. Objective measures are the result of the skill, i.e. the time taken to run 10 meters or the number of catches. The advantage of using objective measures is it allows a high level inter and intra and Inter-rater reliability over attempts and measurers (Spray 1987). Another important is the tester does not need a high level of knowledge about the skill (Hands Larkin, 1998). The second way to measure FMS is using subjective measures. This is done by using a checklist for each FMS that identifies coaching points that the subject needs to do while completing the skill. Knudson and Morrison (1997) defined subjective measures or qualitative analysis as the systematic observation and introspective judgment of movement and skills for the purpose of improving that skill. The checklist which will be used in this study is The New South Wales Fundamental Movement Skills (NSWFMS) guidelines (2000), this is a resource for primary school children. The advantage of using subjective measures is that it can help identify one point in the skill that is weak. That information can then lead to trying to develop that weakness (Hands, 2000). However the criteria can be read and identified differently by different assessors. In terms of research in the area of what affects FMS movement skills there has been a lot reported in what factors affect FMS ability. It has been reported that Physical Activity level (Fisher et al 2004) has an effect on FMS ability with Children who take part in more physical activity have better FMS skills. There has also been mixed views on the effect of gender on FMS skills, Fisher et al (2004) reported no difference in fundamental scores between boys and girls, however. Okley and Booth (2004) reported that boys did better than girls in the sprinting and the object control skills, which in this study would be the throw and catch, the girls performed better in the rest of the locomoter skills which in this case is the balance. The reason for this difference could be done to what reported that FMS are affected more by the activities done by boys while girls are affected by psychosocial or environmental factors (Cliff 2009). There has been however a small majority of research looking at how age effects FMS. Okely Booth (2004) did one such study looking at using subjective measures and found for certain parts on FMS Skills, Year 3 Children had mastered the skill better than Year 1 Children. For Example only 1.5% of the year 1 boys and 0% of girls completed the hips then shoulders rotate forward coaching point for the throw compared to 13.5% of year 1 boys and 1.7% of year 3 girls. It is also important to note with regards to age that even Children in the same year can be further developed, meaning their body can do more and they may be able to process the FMS in formation easier. It is important to understand this when the analysing results as one Year 6 child could be biologically more developed than another and therefore be able to perform the skill better. (Gallahue and Ozmun 2006). This paper will therefore look at age and specifically the difference between year 1 and 6 children due the lack of research looking at Year 6 Children and the fact it has been reported that all Children should have mastered FMS by Year 8. The study will also use subjective and objective to get a better idea of which children have mastered the skills. The results can be used to see what areas of each skill children are failing to master and then interventions can be designed to improve them as it has been reported that a well-planned and implemented fundamental movement skill intervention in has an effect on childrens motor skills, physical activity levels and will keep the child interested in Physical Education. Section 2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES AND HYPOTHESIS Aim The Aim of the study is to assess Fundamental Movement Skill (FMS) mastery in primary school children, to examine if there is a relationship between subjective and objective for FMS and to compare mastery of these skills by children in Year 1 and Year 6. Objectives To measure Fundamental Movement Skills in Year 1 and Year 6 children To analysis the skills using the New South Wales Criteria To study the relationship between year groups and the subjective and objective measures Hypothesis The Year 6 children will have high objective and subjective measures for all the FMS than the Year 1 children. Section 3: EXPERIMENTAL METHODS The Children will be tested for 2 hours in a normal PE lesson for 2 separate weeks. Each Child will be asked to wear suitable kit and footwear. The school sports hall where normal PE lessons take place will be used as the testing site once a risk assessment form was completing and checking the sports hall is suitable to complete the testing. These checks will be done before each testing session. Also ethical approval will need to be given before any testing can take place. Also before testing each child will undertake a warm up overseen by a PE Specialist. Subject Population A sample of 30 Children aged 10-11 (year 6) and 30 children ages 5-6 years (year 1) will be recruited for this study from a local primary school in Coventry. Informed consent from the parents will be obtained as well as agreement from the Child as each participant is under the age of 18. Fundamental Movement Skill Measurements Both subjective and objective measures will be measured, with the subjective being taken while the child performs one of the skill trails. The subjective measures will be analysed using The New South Wales Fundamental Movement Skills (NSWFMS) guidelines (2000) (see appendix for criteria). Using Qunitic Software each video will be watched 5 times and notational analysis will be used to measure how many of the skill components have been achieved. This will give an overall percentage of how that Child has mastered the skill. That will compare to the actual result for that skill. The criteria will also be used during the demonstration to allow the children to know all the points that make up the skill, also no feedback will be given after each attempt. Fundamental Movement Skills Each Child will complete 5 fundamental movement skills, (Balance, Kicking, Catching, Throwing and sprinting). A description of what each test involves is shown below. FMS Test Method Balance Subjective Measures For the subjective measures the children will be asked to Stand on their dominant leg, children will be asked to stay as upright and still as possible keeping eyes forwards for 20 seconds, with their other leg bent. Objective Measures The objective measures will involve the children balancing for 20 seconds on a balance board device (Tunturi by MFT, Germany) connected to a laptop, The percentage of time spent on either side (left/right) will be used as the measurement. Each Child will have a practice before being called up/ inputted into the laptop system. Catch Subjective Measures The Children will move their body to become in line with the travelling path of a soft tennis sized ball, a thrown by the researcher and PE specialist in a measured square area of 1m by 1m. Objective Measures The number of successful catches the children make out of 3 will be recorded. Jump Subjective Measures The Children will be asked to start with knees bent and then using their arms for momentum, jump up as high as possible into the air. Objective Measures The Childrens jump height of the jump will measured using Quintic Biomechanics software (Quintic Biomechanics v17 software, Coventry, UK) and recorded in meters. Throw Subjective Measures The Children will throw a small soft ball over-arm, towards a target placed on the sports hall wall. Objective Measures Points will be awarded to determine the precision of the throw. There were three sections, each with different amounts to justify the accuracy of the throw. Sprint Subjective Measures Children will be asked to ran as fast as they could along the 10 m measured track and then joined the back of the queue. The time will be recorded as use as the measure. Objective Measures Children will be ask to sprint as fast as they could down a 10m track, split times will be recorded at 5m and 10m using the SMARTSPEED timing gate system (SMARTSPEED, UK). Any children will also be able to withdraw their assent and not take part even if their parents/guardian has given informed consent, at any time during the testing. Statistical analysis A combination of correlations and ANOVAs will be used to examine the relationship between the objective measures and the subjective measures but also each of the two year groups. Microsoft Excel will be used to produce the graphs and SPSS will be sued for the statistical analysis. Section 4: PROPOSED TIME PLAN Date Action to be completed before deadline 6th December 2010 Complete and hand in Project Proposal 10th 24th January 2011 Go to schools and collect data ready for analysis 27th January 4th February 2011 Complete data collection, produce table of results and complete graphs 4th- 8th February 2011 Complete data analysis 10th- 20th February 2011 Write discussion and put in info from proposal such as Introduction and Methods. 21st February 2011 Check final project with supervisor and compile lab file 23rd- 1st March 2011 Check for any errors in project and print out 2 copies ready for binding 11th March 2011 Hand in 2 copies of the thesis and lab file. 12th March 2011 5th April Revise for Viva Seminar Section Five: REFERANCES Balyi I., Hamilton A. (2004) Long-Term Athlete Development: Trainability in Childhood and Adolescence. Windows of Opportunity. Optimal Trainability.Victoria: National Coaching Institute British Columbia Advanced Training and Performance Ltd. Booth M, Macaskill, P, McLellan L. (1997) NSW Schools Fitness and Physical Activity Survey. Sydney. NSW Department of School Education. Cliff, D, P., Okely, A.D,. Smith, L.M and McKeen, K. Relationships Between Fundamental Movement Skills and Objectively Measured Physical Activity in Preschool Children. Pediatric Exercise Science, 2009, 21, 436-449 Fisher, A., Reilly J.J., Kelly, L.A., Montgomery, C., Williamson, A., Payton, J.Y., Grant, S., (2004) Fundamental Movement Skills and Habitual Physical Activity in Young Children Official Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine. 684-688. Gallahue, D, L and Ozmun, J,C. (2006) 6th edn. Understanding Motor Development: Infants, Children, Adolescents, Adults, USA: McGraw Hill Hands, B. (2000) How can we best measure fundamental movement skills? Health Sciences Conference Papers. Paper 5. Hands, B., Larkin, D. (1998). Australian tests of motor proficiency: What do we have and what do we need? The ACHPER Healthy Lifestyles Journal, 45(4),10-16. Hands, B. Martin, M (2003) Implementing a Fundamental Movement Skill program in an early childhood setting: The childrens perspectives Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles Jess, M., Dewar, K. and Fraser, G. (2004) Basic moves: developing a foundation for lifelong physical activity, British Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 35 (2): 23-7. New South Wales (2000) Move It, Groove It Physical Activity in Primary Schools Summary Report. A NSW Health Physical Activity Demonstration Project (DP 98/1) Okely, A.D Booth, M,L. (2004) Mastery of fundamental movement skills among children in New South Wales: prevalence and sociodemographic distribution Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 7 (3) 358-372. Spray, J. A. (1987). Recent developments in measurement and possible applications to the measurement of psychomotor behavior. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 58, 203-209. Section 6: APPENDIX

The Strategic Priorities Of Glaxosmithkline Plc Economics Essay

The Strategic Priorities Of Glaxosmithkline Plc Economics Essay Part I Pharmaceutical Business Model The business model of companies in pharmaceutical industry for almost two decades is blockbuster model. The blockbusters (drugs that have sales over $ 1 billion per year) have turned out to be a significant factor that driven the pharmaceutical industry from 1990s. There were 65 blockbusters in 2002 increased from only 7 blockbusters in 1990 (Deutsche Bank, 2003 cited in Froud et al, 2006: 169) but, by 2006, the number was raised to 114 (La Merie Business Intelligence, 2007). Exhibit 1 shown that the sales of top ten blockbuster companies from blockbuster drugs alone were accounted larger than one-fourth of world pharmaceutical market in 2006. This blockbuster model was adopted in order to maximize revenue because it was seemed to be possible approach to satisfy high growth expectation of financial community (Business Insight 2003: 10). To conclude, the blockbuster business model was underpinned big pharmaceutical companies success over the past decade. This model is embedded in phar maceutical industry. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Exhibit 1 Top 10 Blockbuster companies, 2006 Company Sales of Blockbuster US$ billion Number of Blockbuster As % of World Pharmaceutical Market Pfizer 28.8 9 4.48 GlaxoSmithKline 24.3 12 3.78 AstraZeneca 21.1 11 3.28 Sanofi-Aventis 19.9 9 3.09 Johnson Johnson 17.5 8 2.72 Roche 16.1 7 2.50 Amgen 13.4 5 2.08 Merck Co. 12.7 4 1.98 Wyeth 10.0 5 1.56 Eli Lilly 9.4 5 1.46 Total 173.2 75 26.94 Source: La Merie Business Intelligence, 2007 Challenges of Big Pharmaceutical model To begin with, the big pharmaceutical companies such as Pfizer and GSK are over-reliance on the sales of blockbuster drugs. In other words, the companies are generated their main revenue from small number of drugs from their product lines. For example, in 2006, Pfizer had 9 blockbuster drugs which generated almost 60 % of total sales. GSK had 12 blockbuster drugs that contributed 56 % of total sales. Another example, in 2007, we can see that 12 blockbuster drugs of GSK accounted for almost 60 percent of companys total drug sales (see Exhibit 2). Therefore, companies are exposed to high insecurity if they cannot find replacement of products which have equivalent financial size. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Exhibit 2 GSKs contribution of blockbuster to total drugs sales, 2007 Products Sales US$ million As % of total drugs sales Seretide/Advair 7,001 18.26 Flixotide/Flovent 1,243 3.24 Valtrex 1,869 4.87 Lamictal 2,195 5.72 Imigran/Imitrex 1,371 3.57 Seroxat/Paxil 1,107 2.89 Wellbutrin 1,059 2.76 Coreg 1,175 3.06 Avandia products 2,439 6.36 Augmentin 1,061 2.77 Hepatitis 1,059 2.76 Infanrix/Pediarix 1,087 2.83 Total 22,663 59.1 Source: Company annual report, 2008 Next, the less productive of RD pipeline and increasing cost of RD. There is a downward trend of the number of New Molecular Entities (NMEs) and Biologics License Applications (BLAs). In 1996, there are almost 40 approvals of NMEs and BLAs but, by 2007, the figure was decreased to 18 (Riley 2008). In addition, the cost to develop a drug is ten-fold increase from $138 million in 1975 to $ 1.318 billion in 2006 (PhRMA 2009) (see Exhibit 3). Hence, from the opposite direction of RD cost and RD productivity, we can conclude that the overall efficiency of RD in industry is lower than in the past. Finally, the expiry of patent and the impact of generics. For example, the best selling drug of GSK Seretide/Advair which generated US$ 7,653 million or 17 % of total turnover in 2008 will be expired in 2010 in the US and in 2013 in the EU. In this case, there is a possibility that GSKs turnover might drop sharply after the expiry of Seretide if the company cannot develop product or new source of income to make up for the loss of Seretide/Advair sales. In addition, the increasing in number of patent expiries of blockbusters has a positive impact to the growth in generic market. As exhibit 4 shows, the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of the global generic market was 16.4% during 2004 to 2007. In contrast, growth rate of overall pharmaceutical industry was at a CAGR of 8.3% in the same span. Another factor driven the growth of generic drugs is the greater attentiveness of payors as a result of current economic recession such as tightened healthcare budget of governments or private p ayors. It is likely that the price of drugs will be pushed down by the greater bargaining power. For instance, Japan had cut the price of drugs on the National Health Insurance (NHI) in 2008 by average 5.2% (Business Insight 2008). All in all, economic and stakeholders in the demanding side of the industry are now shaping the new form of the pharmaceutical market. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Exhibit 3 Cost of developing new drug, 1975 2006 Source: PhRMA, 2009 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Exhibit 4 Global Generics Market, 2004 2007 Source: Business Insight, 2008 The Strategic priorities of GlaxoSmithKline PLC In 2008, Andrew Witty was selected to be a CEO of GSK. After two months of being a CEO, he announced new strategy to steer GSK in global pharmaceutical market. There are three new strategic priorities; grow a diversified global business, deliver more products of value and simplify the operating model. This section will discuss how these new strategic a response to problem pharmaceutical business model problem. Grow a Diversified Global Business In this strategic, the company is trying to lessen its risk by widening and balancing its products across all geographic boundaries. In other words, company tries to reduce reliance on blockbuster drugs for companys growth as Witty said The biggest thing Im trying to change is to go from saying its okay to have a blockbuster once every five years to a situation where we are delivering several new products every year (Goodman 2008). As a recession in the USA, it had a huge impact in the US sales which is a main market for company that accounted for 40% of total revenue in 2008. The sales in the US decreased by 4.2% in 2008 compare to 2007 while Europe market and rest of the world market sales were increased by 16.3% and 16.6% respectively (GlaxoSmithKline 2009). Therefore, at this moment, the US market is saturated; company is now focusing on the market which has high growth such as Africa, China and India but also not ignore the US market. It shows that company is adapted to the curr ent market situation. There are many actions that have been taken by the company that response to the business model problems. First, company is focusing on vaccine, biopharma and consumer healthcare which have high potential growth which in turn might create revenue to make up the loss of sales from expired patent blockbusters. Second, fulfill the potential of emerging markets and Japan market. Japan, alone, accounted for 10% of global pharmaceutical market (Medicines Australia 2009) which is the second largest from the US. It is a big market and a high growth market with market value of US$ 68.6 billion in 2008 and sales growth of 17.2% over 2007 (Business Insight 2009). In emerging markets, particularly, the seven pharmerging market including China, Brazil, Mexico, South Korea, India, Turkey and Russia seem to be the major driven of growth in the global pharmaceutical industry (see Exhibit 5). Better approach to generic is driven this growth. It is likely that GSK is now more con centrated on generic drugs, for example, company acquired branded generics from both Bristol-Myers Squibb and UCB as well as formed alliance with South Africas Aspen Pharmacare and Dr Reddys of India (Hirsler, 2009). To conclude, this strategic priority seems to be positive reaction of the company regarding the over-reliance on blockbusters, market decline in the US and the impact of generics as Johnson et al. (2008) suggested that diversification is suitable when current markets saturated while need for more rapid growth. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Exhibit 5 Sales in 7MM and pharmerging markets ($m), 2003 2007 Markets 2007 CAGR 2003-07 7MM 466,145 5.62% Pharmerging markets 58,652 15.79% 7MM = USA, Japan, France, Italy, Spain, Germany, UK Pharmerging markets = China, Brazil, Mexico, South Korea, India, Turkey and Russia Source: Riley, 2008 Deliver More Products of Value GSK is lack of therapy area diversification and technology concentration. We can see that there are only 6% of biopharma in GSKs pipeline. Moreover, oncology area represented only 1% of GSKs Sales in 2007 while this area had global market growth of 3%. In order to maintain growth in the long term, GSK need to adjust its RD issues (Riley 2008). Therefore, company announced plan as follow. First, company will focused on eight areas of therapy. Second, externalize RD as its take a long time to create and develop by in-house. Third, GSK will create new biopharma and oncology RD unit in China that have lower cost than established in developed countries which in turn help company to control RD budget. Finally, divided RD units into small group and financed dependent upon its performance which in turn will stimulate innovation. To conclude, GSK redefined its RD pipeline and structure is reacted directly to the problems of RD as mentioned previously as well as problem of over-reliance on blo ckbusters. Simplify the Operating Model GSK is trying to reduce cost in running business. First, develop commercial model; for example, integrate the back office finance system into one system across organization. Second, reduce cost in manufacturing. Company has a plan to cut two-third waste in production by 2015 (Jack, 2009a). As a result, company will be able to redeploy the money from cost reduction into investment. Overall, this strategy is not related directly to the problems of business model, however, the amount of reduction in working capital can be put to RD or other investments which might turn to be in form of company growth (Bender and Ward 2009). In conclusion, it is obvious that new strategy of Andrew Witty is reflected directly to the problems of business model which are heavily reliant on blockbusters, RD problem and impact of generic drugs. However, company is likely to put their focus on small molecules which is the core heritage of the company and the existing products as well as diversify its portfolios and adapted itself into recent market environment. Part II Will new strategy succeed? The new strategy of GSK is likely to lead the company to succeed in the future as it is reflected straightforwardly to the problems of business model. Additionally, it is not simple to point out or evaluate the firms performance as Rosenzweig (2007) argued that the success or performance is not totally forced by internal factors; in contrast, it is relative to a company itself and environment as a whole. Therefore, successful of strategy in this paper will be defined as if company can increase its shareholder values in the long term. In addition, how will company succeed will evaluate by if the new strategy will increase value of its shareholder. Rappaport (1998) pointed out that shareholder value can be driven by seven factors; raise sales growth, boost operating profit margin, lessen cash tax rate, reduce incremental investment in capital spending, reduce investment in working capital, increase time period of competitive advantage, and reduce cost of capital. Regarding companys diversified global business strategy; there are many significant improvements as a result of applying this strategy. First, there is sales growth compared with quarter in previous year in every quarter from third quarter of 2008, after announcement of new strategy, in British pound term. Furthermore, GSK had an increasing in third quarter 2009 of sales 19% in Japan, 25% in emerging market, and 8% in consumer products (Jack, 2009b). In first quarter of 2009, company experienced decline in US market by 22% company Overall, this strategy reflects directly with sales volume which leads to growth in sales. Therefore, company increases its shareholder value as it can raise its sales growth. Deliver more products of value; from this strategy, company should be able to create more revenue from its value added activities. From the company financial data comparing nine month of 2008 and 2009, we can see that GSK had an increasing in gross profit and operating profit 16% and 8% respectively (see Exhibit 6). However, gross margin and operating margin were decreased slightly by 0.4% and 2.39% to 74.05% and 29.48% respectively. Therefore, company unable to raise its shareholder value by this strategy as it was failed to increase operating margin. Moreover, company has less efficiency as its return on capital employed (ROCE) was dropped (see Exhibit 6 and 7) from 22.18% in three quarter of 2008 to 19.71% in three quarter of 2009. There is a probability that company is unable to deliver more values from money that put it investment. However, value added activities of this industry is more likely as RD process. It takes long time to get outcome from money that invested today. For example, to evaluate the RD performance, we should not consider only the approval of new drugs only, as it takes 10 15 years to develop a new drug which mentioned in part I but also we need to take in account the drug development in the early phase, this drugs which are in process cannot generate profit for company today. Overall, we can see that in this strategy. The company is unable to enhance in shareholder value as it cannot increase it operating margin. This is mean that at this period of time a company is inefficiency to control their selling, administration and RD expense. The third strategy, simplify the operating model. There is one mission in this strategy that related directly to increase shareholder value which is reducing working capital. As in September 2008, company was able to reduce its working capital by 500 Million GBP, therefore, shareholder value is increasing as money from working capital can be return to shareholder in form of dividend or can reinvest in company at low cost of capital. This strategy should able a company to lower cost of operation, in contrast, exhibit 6 shows that selling and administration expense was increasing by 24% while turnover increased only 16%. It seems that company cannot succeed its goal by this strategy. If we take a look at stock price of company, we can see that price is hit the highest in 52 weeks in December 2009 (see exhibit 8). This can indicate that market gains confidence about the company performance. However, P/E ratio 13.79% of the company as 14 December 2009 is still lower than competitors; Pfizer at 15.19% and Novartis at 16.1%. This can be interpreted that price low of GSK is low than competitors. All in all, despite the confidence of the market about GSK, in my opinion, up to the present moment the new strategy is not successful in term of maximizing its shareholder value. As we can see from the numbers such as ROCE and operating margin that company cannot build up or even maintain these ratios. However, it needs to be seen it long run whether strategy will succeed since only internal factors cannot make company to succeed. (2420 Words) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Exhibit 6 GSK; Nine Month ended Income Statement, 2008 and 2009 Source: GSK Press Release, 28 October 2009 Available at : www.gsk.com [accessed 13 December 2009] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Exhibit 7 GSK; Nine Month ended Balance Sheet, 2008 and 2009 Source: GSK Press Release, 28 October 2009 Available at : www.gsk.com [accessed 13 December 2009] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Exhibit 8 Stock Price of GSK, London Stock Exchange, 2years ended 14 December 2009 Source: http://uk.finance.yahoo.com

Hair Artists :: Hair Stylists Dressers Personal Narrative Papers

Hair Artists Without them we'd all be bald. You either need, know one or perhaps are one. What am I talking about you ask? Hair artists. Only a few of us can envision a design on the head of someone and successfully accomplish it. Only a few of us could possibly do it on our own heads. It's a talent no matter what, a talent that is sometimes ignored and at times not thought too highly of. I call hairstylists hair artists because they share their art of creation and imitation for many people on a daily-basis. Ever since I can remember my father, Jack, had been cutting men and women's hair. He was a locally known barber/stylist and artist. My father had paintings all on the walls of different buildings around town and had three hanging up in a hallway of my elementary school. Just like him, I could draw and sketch. I can remember being in first grade, telling my whole class I was going to be an artist like my daddy when I grew up (like my father I gained notoriety also, at my elementary school for having won poster contests, designed doors for teachers and sketches at the requests of classmates). With his lifestyle being my goal as a youngster, I'd never considered the work he performed on his customer's heads as art. He would sculpt, through cutting and styling, and design people's hair (some asked for etchings and other images in their head), but I never had a second thought that it would be something I wanted to do in the future. I didn't think this form of sculpture was an art form. Th at is to say, until my study on hairstylists. Some called me talented when they found out I'd designed the different hairstyles on my. An exact statement was, "You are just multi-talented." This was from a co-worker who only saw the different styles I wore on my hair. I'd just walked in with a different hairstyle than I'd had the previous week. I just brushed it off saying, "Its easy anybody can do it." When my boyfriend watched me braid a few people's hair he bragged about it to his family members, saying I was very "talented." I later came to the realization that styling hair was an art form that required talent. This notion came about through my study and a series of interviews I had with a few hair artists.

Essay --

The Battle for Justice â€Å"It takes a warrior to fight a battle and survive. This here is a battle if I’ve ever seen one† (Beals 113). In the novel Warriors Don’t Cry, nine students from Little Rock Arkansas are set out on the battlefield for integration. Melba Pattillo and eight other friends are challenged with starting off the integration of Little Rock’s Central High School. The students were signed up and asked to attend the high school in hopes of getting rid of segregation. Although entering high school may seem as easy as signing in and going to class, the test and trials the Little Rock nine went through shows a true test of determination. Comparatively, the â€Å"Arab Spring†, a movement of protests in the Middle East, has caused controversy all over the world. Citizens are rebelling against an unfair government in hopes of create a new way of life. Tired of all the disrespect, unjust, and oppressive government Muslims and Middle Easterners have created a bat tle of their own. While trying to create a better life for themselves, the Little Rock Nine and those involved in the Arab Spring uprisings have stepped on to the battlefield for fair human rights. September 4, 1957 was the date set for the Little Rock Nine to enter into Central High School. While making their way to find the others, Melba and her mother spotted Elizabeth, one of the nine, standing in the midst of a screaming mob. There were national guards towering over her, but none seemed to do anything to stop the threats. Although Elizabeth was frightened, she still tried to enter the school. Elizabeth tried finding a way into the school but, â€Å"Each time she approached, the soldiers closed ranks, shutting her out† (Beal 36). The National Guard was told by Governor Faub... ...of great determination to increase human rights. A serious battle is one worth fighting for. The Muslims and Middle Easterners are still fighting for their right for a fair government. They are tired of the disrespect. They’re tired of the humiliation and unnecessary tactics used by the government. They want more of a democracy, to be able to have a say in the laws that are over their people. Even though they have chosen violent ways they still are trying to make a change. Although the Little Rock Nine were not violent, they wanted to make a change, to better their lives and those of their families. They chose to challenge the government and with the support of outside help they accomplished their goals. Fighting a battle isn’t easy. You need to make sure you have the right tools to conquer. Sometimes the strongest armor you could wear is faith and determination.

Comparing The Charge of the Light Brigade and Dulce ET Decorum EST Essa

Comparing The Charge of the Light Brigade and Dulce ET Decorum EST  Ã‚  Ã‚   The poems â€Å"The Charge of the Light Brigade† and â€Å"Dulce ET Decorum EST† are war poems. They reflect on two different but equally harrowing events, however the poets portray these events using their own style and the and result is two entirely different views of war. Alfred Tennyson wrote the â€Å"Charge of the Light Brigade† in 1854 and it is about the battle of Balaclava in the Crimean war. Although this battle had no real influence on the outcome of the war it showed the bravery of six hundred British soldiers who charged into almost certain death. The poem itself is a patriotic ballad keeping up with the tradition of the time. The poem is heroic and romantic. â€Å"Dulce ET Decorum EST† was written by Wilfred Owen. It is based on World War 1 in which   Owen himself fought. He tells of the terror of trench warfare and the frantic activity when a gas shell lands. In some ways the two poems are similar for example both poets are obviously writing about war. They use rhyme to get across their point this also makes the poems easier to remember and say. They also use alliteration in â€Å"The Charge of the light brigade† Tennyson tells Cannon to the right of them. Cannon to the left of them. Cannon in front of them Also in Dulce ET decorum EST Owen uses alliteration â€Å"Knock-knead, coughing like hags† and â€Å"Gas! Gas! Quick boys† The poets each use punctuation to emphasise points they deem to be important. Tennyson varies his use of exclamation marks whereas Owen uses more full stops and commas so that when your reading you have slow down and take in what is being said. For example in â€Å"The Charge of the Light Brigade†Ã‚   â€Å"When can their gl... ...rge, this evidently does not concern him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Finally Owen juxtaposes the idea of war as devastating and the idea of war as heroic when he says â€Å"My friend, you would not tell with such high zest, to children ardent for some desperate glory,† to illustrate the poems ultimate irony –â€Å"Dulce ET Decorum est pro patria mori.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion I would suggest that although these poems show completely different views we must also remember that they were written in two completely different eras. Tennyson’s view of war was of glory and honour reflecting the views of the population at the time. The great historical tradition of Britain as a military power ruling her empire. Owen writes about World War 1, which was the most devastating war the world had seen at that time, it lasted much longer than any war before it and generally was much more horrific.

The Blind Side

The Blind Side Identify the title, text type, composer and year of publication * ‘The Blind Side’ is a film composed by John Lee Hancock (2009) Identify the context in which your ORT has been set and they key ideas related to the concept of belonging which are represented. * The blind Side was created based on the 2006 book ‘The Blind Side: Evolution of a game†. The film was set in Memphis, in various environments such as A Christian School, the Tuohy’s household and other areas.This film explores the life of the main character, Michael Oher, and his journey from a sense of dislocation and alienation from those around him, to feeling acceptance and a sense of self identity towards himself. Aspects of belonging explored in this film include the relationships that are developed throughout the film which create for Michael a sense of identity, acceptance, understanding, and the potential for Michael to take a further journey in his life. The connections t hat Michael develops with Leigh Anne Tuohy are the catalyst for the noticeable change that Michael experiences in relation to feeling a sense of inclusion.Outline at least FOUR key ideas about belonging which are represented in your ORT. * The background experiences within his family, he is one of 7 and doesn’t know his father, while his mum is a drug addict. * The journey to a new environment, connections made with people and the place. * The acceptance of Michael and being welcomed into the Tuohy’s household. * Never judge a book by the cover- Leigh Anne Tuohy accepts Michael for who he is, not what he looks like. * From this Film, we understand a new meaning to helping those who are less fortunate, its all the little things that can have a large impact on the individual.Discuss how the composer has used a variety of language modes, forms, features and structures to represent these key ideas? (At least 12 PEEL or TQE for each) FILM TECHNIQUES * Opening sequence- Show s a playback of Lawrence Taylor snapping Jo Thiemann’s leg in 1985. Leigh Anne Tuohy narrates this scene with the voice over narration and she talks about the importance of the tackle position in football to the moulding of Michael Oher and his astounding protective instincts. The long slow motion shot of Michael Oher introduces Michael to the story, with his town home within the background of the shot. The effect of Flashbacks at the moment when Michael was separated from his mother is to give a short insight as to what Michael Oher had experienced. * On Michael’s journey to the new Christian School that will eventually become a second home for Michael there is a panning shot of Michael in the back seat of the car. Visually we can see that Michael’s body language is conveying a sense of shyness, worry and alienation, as if Michael was in a completely different world.This shot also displays the new opportunity that is about to infold for Michael- new place and n ew opportunity. * The close up shot of Michael observing the ‘new world’ clearly conveys the curiosity and separation form the new town that surrounds him. * Dialogue- â€Å"It’s a brave kid†. â€Å"For wanting to come here. † â€Å"For wanting a quality education†. â€Å"I can tell you most young lads with his background wouldn’t come within 200 miles of this place†. The teachers within the Christian School discuss Michaels want to start an education.The teachers state that ‘Most’ young lads with his background†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , would not be interested in aiming to achieve something. The automatically judge Michael without knowing who he is as a person. * The use of shot reverse shot of the teacher and Michael whilst in the classroom displays Michael’s unsureness of the new school life and feeling of exclusion from the other children, as well as showing the teachers look of concern and her determination to help Michael. The Film includes a lot of close up shots, in order to convey emotions such as sadness and joy. John Lee Hancock includes close up shots within the film to purposely emphasize the range of emotions that the characters experience, so that it can allow the audience to relate to the position that the characters are in and to help them achieve a re-evaluation of their values, attitudes and beliefs.Discuss similarities between the text â€Å"The simple Gift† composed by Steven Herrick and the film â€Å"The Blind Side† composed by John Lee Hancock. * The relationship that develops between Billy and Old Bill is one that is similar to the relationship between Leigh Anne Tuohy and Michael Oher. To Old Bill, he views Billy as a son and treats him the way that he would treat his own. Leigh Anne Tuohy eventually adopts Michael Oher and the relationship that is developed is one similar to mother and son. Both Billy and Michael both come from a disconnected family in they both had no relationship with their father. Billy and Michael both have experienced a bad lifestyle but then they both start a new journey to a new life, in which they both successfully achieve. Once they have made this journey, a new sense of self identity, acceptance and inclusion is felt strongly and the audience of both stories effectively motivate us to change or re-evaluate our own values, attitudes and beliefs.While this this â€Å"rags to riches† storyline isn't new in the world of Hollywood, it definitely redefines values that have somewhat been lost in our 21st  century society. This film is based on the true story of Michael Oher, who was featured in Michael Lewis' book  The Blind Side: Evolution of the Game. While the screenwriter of The Blind Side, John Lee Hancock, probably took some artistic liberty to make these factual events more heart stirring, whatever the changes may have been, I believe that The Blind Side still remains true to the reality.After wat ching the preview, you already know what is going to happen in the movie; however, the movie truly brings to life Michael Oher's story and goes into depth to show the relationship between Oher and the Touhys. The opening scene of Blind Side shows a playback of Lawrence Taylor snapping Joe Theismann's leg in 1985. Leigh Anne Touhy, played by Sandra Bullock, narrates this scene as she talks about the importance of the tackle position in football to the molding of Michael Oher and his astounding protective instincts.Oher was born to a drug-addicted mother, he had over a dozen siblings and was homeless for years. The Touhy's took Michael Oher, who is played by Quinton Aaron, under their wings and helped him grow into an incredible athlete. For me, there were two incredibly moving scenes. The first was the when Oher told Mrs. Touhy he's never had his own bed before and the second was when Oher called Mrs. Touhy â€Å"Momma† for the first time. At the closing credits, newspaper acc ounts of young men from Oher's part of Memphis that were killed by gang violence were flashed on the screen.There are so many people in this world that are like Michael Oher before he joined the Touhy family. Where might Micheal Oher be today without the help of the Touhys? So, even though you already know how the story ends, The Blind Side is still worth seeing for both the exceptional acting and the moving story of Michael Oher's life. Not only is it just the story of Oher's life though, but it is also a thought-provoking movie that shows that there is still goodwill in this world despite the violence and hatred we see every day. The Blind Side The Blind Side Identify the title, text type, composer and year of publication * ‘The Blind Side’ is a film composed by John Lee Hancock (2009) Identify the context in which your ORT has been set and they key ideas related to the concept of belonging which are represented. * The blind Side was created based on the 2006 book ‘The Blind Side: Evolution of a game†. The film was set in Memphis, in various environments such as A Christian School, the Tuohy’s household and other areas.This film explores the life of the main character, Michael Oher, and his journey from a sense of dislocation and alienation from those around him, to feeling acceptance and a sense of self identity towards himself. Aspects of belonging explored in this film include the relationships that are developed throughout the film which create for Michael a sense of identity, acceptance, understanding, and the potential for Michael to take a further journey in his life. The connections t hat Michael develops with Leigh Anne Tuohy are the catalyst for the noticeable change that Michael experiences in relation to feeling a sense of inclusion.Outline at least FOUR key ideas about belonging which are represented in your ORT. * The background experiences within his family, he is one of 7 and doesn’t know his father, while his mum is a drug addict. * The journey to a new environment, connections made with people and the place. * The acceptance of Michael and being welcomed into the Tuohy’s household. * Never judge a book by the cover- Leigh Anne Tuohy accepts Michael for who he is, not what he looks like. * From this Film, we understand a new meaning to helping those who are less fortunate, its all the little things that can have a large impact on the individual.Discuss how the composer has used a variety of language modes, forms, features and structures to represent these key ideas? (At least 12 PEEL or TQE for each) FILM TECHNIQUES * Opening sequence- Show s a playback of Lawrence Taylor snapping Jo Thiemann’s leg in 1985. Leigh Anne Tuohy narrates this scene with the voice over narration and she talks about the importance of the tackle position in football to the moulding of Michael Oher and his astounding protective instincts. The long slow motion shot of Michael Oher introduces Michael to the story, with his town home within the background of the shot. The effect of Flashbacks at the moment when Michael was separated from his mother is to give a short insight as to what Michael Oher had experienced. * On Michael’s journey to the new Christian School that will eventually become a second home for Michael there is a panning shot of Michael in the back seat of the car. Visually we can see that Michael’s body language is conveying a sense of shyness, worry and alienation, as if Michael was in a completely different world.This shot also displays the new opportunity that is about to infold for Michael- new place and n ew opportunity. * The close up shot of Michael observing the ‘new world’ clearly conveys the curiosity and separation form the new town that surrounds him. * Dialogue- â€Å"It’s a brave kid†. â€Å"For wanting to come here. † â€Å"For wanting a quality education†. â€Å"I can tell you most young lads with his background wouldn’t come within 200 miles of this place†. The teachers within the Christian School discuss Michaels want to start an education.The teachers state that ‘Most’ young lads with his background†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , would not be interested in aiming to achieve something. The automatically judge Michael without knowing who he is as a person. * The use of shot reverse shot of the teacher and Michael whilst in the classroom displays Michael’s unsureness of the new school life and feeling of exclusion from the other children, as well as showing the teachers look of concern and her determination to help Michael. The Film includes a lot of close up shots, in order to convey emotions such as sadness and joy. John Lee Hancock includes close up shots within the film to purposely emphasize the range of emotions that the characters experience, so that it can allow the audience to relate to the position that the characters are in and to help them achieve a re-evaluation of their values, attitudes and beliefs.Discuss similarities between the text â€Å"The simple Gift† composed by Steven Herrick and the film â€Å"The Blind Side† composed by John Lee Hancock. * The relationship that develops between Billy and Old Bill is one that is similar to the relationship between Leigh Anne Tuohy and Michael Oher. To Old Bill, he views Billy as a son and treats him the way that he would treat his own. Leigh Anne Tuohy eventually adopts Michael Oher and the relationship that is developed is one similar to mother and son. Both Billy and Michael both come from a disconnected family in they both had no relationship with their father. Billy and Michael both have experienced a bad lifestyle but then they both start a new journey to a new life, in which they both successfully achieve. Once they have made this journey, a new sense of self identity, acceptance and inclusion is felt strongly and the audience of both stories effectively motivate us to change or re-evaluate our own values, attitudes and beliefs.While this this â€Å"rags to riches† storyline isn't new in the world of Hollywood, it definitely redefines values that have somewhat been lost in our 21st  century society. This film is based on the true story of Michael Oher, who was featured in Michael Lewis' book  The Blind Side: Evolution of the Game. While the screenwriter of The Blind Side, John Lee Hancock, probably took some artistic liberty to make these factual events more heart stirring, whatever the changes may have been, I believe that The Blind Side still remains true to the reality.After wat ching the preview, you already know what is going to happen in the movie; however, the movie truly brings to life Michael Oher's story and goes into depth to show the relationship between Oher and the Touhys. The opening scene of Blind Side shows a playback of Lawrence Taylor snapping Joe Theismann's leg in 1985. Leigh Anne Touhy, played by Sandra Bullock, narrates this scene as she talks about the importance of the tackle position in football to the molding of Michael Oher and his astounding protective instincts.Oher was born to a drug-addicted mother, he had over a dozen siblings and was homeless for years. The Touhy's took Michael Oher, who is played by Quinton Aaron, under their wings and helped him grow into an incredible athlete. For me, there were two incredibly moving scenes. The first was the when Oher told Mrs. Touhy he's never had his own bed before and the second was when Oher called Mrs. Touhy â€Å"Momma† for the first time. At the closing credits, newspaper acc ounts of young men from Oher's part of Memphis that were killed by gang violence were flashed on the screen.There are so many people in this world that are like Michael Oher before he joined the Touhy family. Where might Micheal Oher be today without the help of the Touhys? So, even though you already know how the story ends, The Blind Side is still worth seeing for both the exceptional acting and the moving story of Michael Oher's life. Not only is it just the story of Oher's life though, but it is also a thought-provoking movie that shows that there is still goodwill in this world despite the violence and hatred we see every day. The Blind Side The Blind Side Identify the title, text type, composer and year of publication * ‘The Blind Side’ is a film composed by John Lee Hancock (2009) Identify the context in which your ORT has been set and they key ideas related to the concept of belonging which are represented. * The blind Side was created based on the 2006 book ‘The Blind Side: Evolution of a game†. The film was set in Memphis, in various environments such as A Christian School, the Tuohy’s household and other areas.This film explores the life of the main character, Michael Oher, and his journey from a sense of dislocation and alienation from those around him, to feeling acceptance and a sense of self identity towards himself. Aspects of belonging explored in this film include the relationships that are developed throughout the film which create for Michael a sense of identity, acceptance, understanding, and the potential for Michael to take a further journey in his life. The connections t hat Michael develops with Leigh Anne Tuohy are the catalyst for the noticeable change that Michael experiences in relation to feeling a sense of inclusion.Outline at least FOUR key ideas about belonging which are represented in your ORT. * The background experiences within his family, he is one of 7 and doesn’t know his father, while his mum is a drug addict. * The journey to a new environment, connections made with people and the place. * The acceptance of Michael and being welcomed into the Tuohy’s household. * Never judge a book by the cover- Leigh Anne Tuohy accepts Michael for who he is, not what he looks like. * From this Film, we understand a new meaning to helping those who are less fortunate, its all the little things that can have a large impact on the individual.Discuss how the composer has used a variety of language modes, forms, features and structures to represent these key ideas? (At least 12 PEEL or TQE for each) FILM TECHNIQUES * Opening sequence- Show s a playback of Lawrence Taylor snapping Jo Thiemann’s leg in 1985. Leigh Anne Tuohy narrates this scene with the voice over narration and she talks about the importance of the tackle position in football to the moulding of Michael Oher and his astounding protective instincts. The long slow motion shot of Michael Oher introduces Michael to the story, with his town home within the background of the shot. The effect of Flashbacks at the moment when Michael was separated from his mother is to give a short insight as to what Michael Oher had experienced. * On Michael’s journey to the new Christian School that will eventually become a second home for Michael there is a panning shot of Michael in the back seat of the car. Visually we can see that Michael’s body language is conveying a sense of shyness, worry and alienation, as if Michael was in a completely different world.This shot also displays the new opportunity that is about to infold for Michael- new place and n ew opportunity. * The close up shot of Michael observing the ‘new world’ clearly conveys the curiosity and separation form the new town that surrounds him. * Dialogue- â€Å"It’s a brave kid†. â€Å"For wanting to come here. † â€Å"For wanting a quality education†. â€Å"I can tell you most young lads with his background wouldn’t come within 200 miles of this place†. The teachers within the Christian School discuss Michaels want to start an education.The teachers state that ‘Most’ young lads with his background†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , would not be interested in aiming to achieve something. The automatically judge Michael without knowing who he is as a person. * The use of shot reverse shot of the teacher and Michael whilst in the classroom displays Michael’s unsureness of the new school life and feeling of exclusion from the other children, as well as showing the teachers look of concern and her determination to help Michael. The Film includes a lot of close up shots, in order to convey emotions such as sadness and joy. John Lee Hancock includes close up shots within the film to purposely emphasize the range of emotions that the characters experience, so that it can allow the audience to relate to the position that the characters are in and to help them achieve a re-evaluation of their values, attitudes and beliefs.Discuss similarities between the text â€Å"The simple Gift† composed by Steven Herrick and the film â€Å"The Blind Side† composed by John Lee Hancock. * The relationship that develops between Billy and Old Bill is one that is similar to the relationship between Leigh Anne Tuohy and Michael Oher. To Old Bill, he views Billy as a son and treats him the way that he would treat his own. Leigh Anne Tuohy eventually adopts Michael Oher and the relationship that is developed is one similar to mother and son. Both Billy and Michael both come from a disconnected family in they both had no relationship with their father. Billy and Michael both have experienced a bad lifestyle but then they both start a new journey to a new life, in which they both successfully achieve. Once they have made this journey, a new sense of self identity, acceptance and inclusion is felt strongly and the audience of both stories effectively motivate us to change or re-evaluate our own values, attitudes and beliefs.While this this â€Å"rags to riches† storyline isn't new in the world of Hollywood, it definitely redefines values that have somewhat been lost in our 21st  century society. This film is based on the true story of Michael Oher, who was featured in Michael Lewis' book  The Blind Side: Evolution of the Game. While the screenwriter of The Blind Side, John Lee Hancock, probably took some artistic liberty to make these factual events more heart stirring, whatever the changes may have been, I believe that The Blind Side still remains true to the reality.After wat ching the preview, you already know what is going to happen in the movie; however, the movie truly brings to life Michael Oher's story and goes into depth to show the relationship between Oher and the Touhys. The opening scene of Blind Side shows a playback of Lawrence Taylor snapping Joe Theismann's leg in 1985. Leigh Anne Touhy, played by Sandra Bullock, narrates this scene as she talks about the importance of the tackle position in football to the molding of Michael Oher and his astounding protective instincts.Oher was born to a drug-addicted mother, he had over a dozen siblings and was homeless for years. The Touhy's took Michael Oher, who is played by Quinton Aaron, under their wings and helped him grow into an incredible athlete. For me, there were two incredibly moving scenes. The first was the when Oher told Mrs. Touhy he's never had his own bed before and the second was when Oher called Mrs. Touhy â€Å"Momma† for the first time. At the closing credits, newspaper acc ounts of young men from Oher's part of Memphis that were killed by gang violence were flashed on the screen.There are so many people in this world that are like Michael Oher before he joined the Touhy family. Where might Micheal Oher be today without the help of the Touhys? So, even though you already know how the story ends, The Blind Side is still worth seeing for both the exceptional acting and the moving story of Michael Oher's life. Not only is it just the story of Oher's life though, but it is also a thought-provoking movie that shows that there is still goodwill in this world despite the violence and hatred we see every day.

An Analysis Of Water Distillation Environmental Sciences Essay

Water is a tasteless, odorless, and about colorless ( it has a little intimation of blue ) substance in its pure signifier that is indispensable to all known signifiers of life and is known besides as the most cosmopolitan dissolver. Water is an abundant substance on Earth. It exists in many topographic points and signifiers. It appears largely in the oceans and polar ice caps, but besides as clouds, rain H2O, rivers, fresh water aquifers, and sea ice. On the planet, H2O is continuously traveling through the rhythm affecting vaporization, precipitation, and overflow to the sea. Water tantrum for human ingestion is called drinkable H2O. This natural resource is going scarcer in certain topographic points as human population in those topographic points additions, and its handiness is a major societal and economic concern. 2.2. DISTILLED Water Distilled H2O is purified H2O which is prepared by the procedure of distillment. In this procedure, H2O is heated till it is converted to steam or vapor, dividing all the present drosss. The vapour obtained is condensed back to its liquid signifier and is known as distilled H2O. .Fig-3-Making-Distilled-Water-in-the-Laboratory Properties of Distilled H2O: Because of its comparative pureness, some of the belongingss of distilled H2O are significantly different from those of the H2O most people consume and use in mundane life. A potentially unsafe belongings of distilled H2O is that it can be heated above its boiling point without demoing the normal features of boiling, called superheating. When the superheated H2O is disturbed or has drosss added to it, a sudden, explosive furuncle occurs, perchance doing serious hurt to anyone near it. Temperature 00 C Density ( & A ; Atilde ; -1000 Kg/m3 ) 1 Viscosity 1.79 x 10-3 Kinematic Viscosity 1.79 x 10-6 Surface tenseness ( N/m ) 7.56 x 10-6 Bulk modulus 1.99 Preparation of Distilled Water: The quality or status and pureness of distilled H2O depends the three chief factors: The H2O The setup used for distillment The method employed. The chief trouble in transporting out the operation of condensing the H2O on an extended graduated table is the subsequent chilling and the cost of distilling. Water: A pure good or spring-water, filtered, is the best to fix distilled H2O from. Rain-water, being by and large good loaded with organic affair and ammonium hydroxide, would interfere with the pureness of the distillation. Boiled H2O can be used for distillment. Boiling would drive off about the last hint of ammonium hydroxide. Odorous, colored or cloudy H2O furnishes an impure distillation that might even acquire a charred gustatory sensation if distilled over a free fire. Ammonia is found particularly in the first parts of the distillation. Distillation setup: Early distillment equipment was really simple in design: a pot of undrinkable H2O ( or H2O unfit for a ceremonial, commercial, or medical intent ) would be heated over an unfastened fire until it boiled, organizing steam. The steam would so distill on a cool surface suspended above the pot. The condensed H2O droplets would so run off into a storage container for future usage. dist-fg1 Alternatively, sponges could be suspended above the pot to roll up the treated H2O. While such systems were comparatively inefficient, it tended to be rather equal for the limited H2O intervention demands of the clip. The efficiency of the distillment procedure began to see betterments as distillment was adapted to commercially polish many different liquids such as intoxicant, aroma, crude oil, and assorted dissolvers. Finally, population demands have strained H2O resources in the twentieth century to the point where expeditiously handling otherwise undrinkable beginnings of H2O for human ingestion is progressively of import. fig11-1 Principle of Distillation: The procedure of condensing H2O is a method of purification affecting heat. Water has comparatively lower boiling point than the bulk of drosss, such as minerals. By maintaining the heat at a consistent temperature, the H2O vaporizes and is separated from the unsought elements. The stairss involved in distillment of H2O are: Heating of H2O Separation of H2O vapour from drosss Condensation of the H2O vapour The unwanted elements include minerals and salts, which remain in the container after the H2O evaporates, are collected and discarded. Typically the distillment procedure is repeated at least one more clip to thoroughly purify the H2O. 2.3. TYPES OF Distillation There are two types of distillment Household distillment Commercial distillment Household distillment: Single-effect distillers: The most common type of family and commercial distiller available is a basic, single-effect distiller. These distillers can be either batch distillers, where a mensural measure of H2O is manually poured in, distilled, and collected ; or plumbed distillers that automatically treat and maintain a changeless supply of imbibing H2O. Working: In a single-effect distiller, a warming component heats the H2O until it boils and finally becomes steam. The steam is so drawn off from the boiling chamber, where it cools ; distilling into extremely treated distilled H2O. The contaminations in the original H2O are left behind in the boiling chamber. The condensation procedure is accomplished by utilizing air or H2O to chill the steam. Water droplets condense on the interior of the conic dome, and run down for aggregation in a trickle pan. With some water-cooled systems, a part of the heat lost as the steam is cooled and condensed can be reclaimed by imparting the heated chilling H2O into the boiling chamber. It is so replaced with fresh, cool H2O. braunschweig_05 Advantages of Single-effect distillers: Simple in design, cheap, and effectual. They are less efficient in energy usage Relatively compact counter top or stand-alone units for usage in the kitchen or office. Disadvantages: Even though the distillment procedure is effectual, pesticides and contaminations like volatile organic compounds convert into vapor readily, and can go with the steam our of the boiling chamber. Care of distillment unit: Distillation units do necessitate some care, which normally involves run outing off the concentrated deposit and other contaminations that accumulate at the underside of the boiling chamber. The walls of the chamber may besides necessitate to be cleaned of hard-water graduated table and other deposit that can roll up. The needed sum of cleaning depends greatly upon the initial quality of H2O used. Very difficult H2O can bring forth heavy grading in a comparatively short period of clip. If soft H2O is used, cleaning troubles should be minimum. The C pre- and post-filters must be changed sporadically every bit good. Commercial distillment: Commercial distillment units provide distilled H2O for industries and distilleries. They provide from few to 1000000s of gallons of distilled H2O per twenty-four hours. The two chief types of commercial distillers are: Multiple Effect distiller Vapor-compression distiller Multiple Effect distillers: Multiple Effect distillers provide from 75 to 1000000s of gallons per twenty-four hours. These units typically contain a figure of boiling Chamberss, with the first chamber being under increased force per unit area, and consecutive Chamberss holding increasingly diminishing force per unit area. The steam created in the first hard-hitting chamber is superheated. The superheated steam moves through tubings environing each of the wining boiling Chamberss As the steam moves it besides vaporizes some of the lower-pressure H2O in each chamber. The vapour is so condensed into distilled H2O, as is the superheated steam when all of its heat energy is exchanged. Vapor-compression distiller: A fluctuation of the multiple-effect distiller construct is the vapor-compression distiller, which is typically used in commercial applications necessitating between 25 and 5000 gallons per twenty-four hours. Vapor-compression H2O distillers besides use high-pressure, superheated steam to boil H2O ; nevertheless, they merely use a individual chamber. The H2O in the boiling chamber is ab initio converted to steam at normal force per unit areas and temperatures by an electric or gas warming component. The steam so passes through an electric compressor ; the compaction causes it to go superheated. The superheated steam is so directed through tubings back into the boiling chamber, where it finally takes over the boiling procedure, distilling into distilled H2O as the heat transportation occurs. Both multi-stage and vapor-compression distillers can integrate assorted signifiers of filtration to do a loosely effectual intervention system. These systems can supply H2O for such utilizations as commercial H2O bottling. Both systems besides require H2O that is softened to be practical, to forestall enfeebling scaling with attendant heat transportation losingss and care costs. At the municipal degree, both multi-stage and vapor-compression distillment can supply big measures of distilled H2O for imbibing usage, and are particularly used in condensing saltwater for usage in waterless countries adjacent to the oceans. Uses of distilled H2O: Used in chemical workss where an exact quality of H2O is required, such as for make fulling up wet-cell batteries, development of photographic movies, steam ironing Used to fix endovenous solution fabrication and dilution. Its usage is besides recommended while doing baby nutrients because babes are really sensitive to H2O borne diseases. It is used in assorted industries and chemical and biological research labs where extremely purified H2O is indispensable. Sometimes, in instances where an exceptionally high grade of purified H2O is required, dual distilled H2O is used. It is used as coolant in atomic powered ships. Here, saltwater is desalinated through the procedure of distillment. This H2O is besides used by the crews of the ships for imbibing. It is used for doing assorted drinks by many drink makers to determine a high quality merchandise in footings of both gustatory sensation every bit good as pureness. Lead acid batteries used in vehicles like autos and trucks require a top-up of H2O at regular intervals of clip. Presence of assorted ions in field tap H2O can do harm to the battery and lead to decrease in its lifetime. It is frequently preferred to tap H2O in automotive chilling systems excessively. This is because the ions and minerals present in tap H2O are normally caustic in nature and tend to pass over out the anti-corrosive additives present in the radiator. It is first-class for tegument as it is barren of any harmful dissolved substances, and helps in barricading of microscopic pores on facial tegument. It is used during surgical processs where clean H2O is a must to forestall any sort of infection. For the really same ground, it is besides used to rinse and clean lesions. 2.3. Storage Distillation does non vouch the absence of bacteriums in imbibing H2O, unless the reservoir and/or bottle are sterilized before being filled, and one time the bottle has been opened, there is a hazard of presence of bacteriums. Further if the distilled H2O is non stored in a proper mode it will absorb elements from the ambiance like C dioxide etc. Besides the stuff in which the distilled H2O is stored must be taken attention and the most preferred stuff is glass as it has had several centuries of proving for the storage of distilled H2O for which the result has been positive. There are assorted storage containers besides available for the storage of distilled H2O.