What John Winthrop and Adam Smith Sought in the New York - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1092 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/09/11 Category Literature Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Did you like this example? American Literature Introduction This work is set to uncover what John Winthrop and Adam Smith Sought in the New Work, America. The analysis would also describe their dream and analyze whether or not they were successful in achieving it. The analysis endeavors to prove that John Winthrop achieved his dream by bring democracy into America and also uniting people together through imposition of Christian virtues and values of love and unity. The analysis also endeavors to show that Adam Smith succeeded in describing how capitalism can promote social and civil betterment. Analysis John Winthrop was the first governor of Massachusetts. He was influential but many perceived him with mixed reactions and perceptions. Some admired and some loathed (Holland 4). However, as time goes, his efforts begin yielding fruits and he started gaining fame, respect and became among the most influential person in American History. This is evidence by Holland (4), where he describes how Nathaniel Hawthorne acknowledges Winthrop’s more admirable virtues and contributions. John Winthrop is one of the colonialists who shaped the identity of America significantly. He can rightly be called the father of exemplary American exceptionalism. For example, in one of his famous writing entitled â€Å"A Model of Christian Charity†, it is apparent that Winthrop envisions for a new society full of mercy. He believes that mercy, which brings love, is the best way of bringing unity of the new community. Closer look at Winthrop’s writings reveals that he aims at the rad ical unity of the people of God at Massachusetts Bay through mercy and the inward love granted only by Christ’s possessing soul. He believes that mercy needs to spring from love if real unity and harmony are to be achieved in society. John Winthrop is a person who envisions bringing people together by teaching them to show love on one another and to fulfill the covenant made between man and God as shown in the Bible. He wanted to prepare the people at Massachusetts Bay to be a good example to the world (Litke 200). He warns his people of the dire consequences of their failure to meet the high bar God has set for their community. He wanted his people to succeed because he believes that success is a reflection of God’s favor towards men. John Winthrop expected the colony to do what God expects of man or else they will not get the blessings from God. One justification that places him as an exemplary American exceptionalism is apparent in a statement which John Win throp argues that â€Å"If our hearts shall disobey and get seduced and worship other gods, our pleasures, and profits, and serve them; it is proposed unto us this day that we shall certainly succumb out of good land wither we pass over this past sea to possess it (Litke 201). In addition, closer analysis of Winthrop’s writing shows that their aim at Massachusetts Bay was not based on worldly power but rather faith and knowledge of history. They were to make America a place to be imitated by the world by setting up good example. They did not want to conquer and rule the Massachusetts but wanted to act as missionaries and pass the word of God to the people so that they could live according to God’s will and be example to others. Apart from instilling good Christian virtues to Americans, it is important to note that another most influential contribution made by Winthrop and the Puritans is that they introduced the America’s culture of democracy and law. In vi rtually all his speeches, he urges people that the work of setting up both civil and ecclesiastical power must be done by mutual consent. He changed the composition of leadership to the benefit of all. For example, when he arrived at Massachusetts, the governors in power were decidedly class conscious, personally ambitious, and imbued with a sense of godly mission but Winthrop changes the situations to allow any desiring adult male to apply for freemen position. John Smith is another person who contributed to American literature. He was one of the early colonizers of Virginia. He is well known for his notorious self-promotion. Like John Wimpthon, John Smith was born in England and since his childhood and adolescence, he is portrayed as ambitious and adventurous. He was a realist. He was aware of the perils and dangers of emigrant and at the same time optimistic that life in the new world is afforded. There is a sharp contrast between John Smith and John Winthrop. The major diffe rence is that John Smith envisions America based on secular elements whereas John Winthrop envisioned America based on the religious principles. Smith’s vision are considered real and became dominant political philosophy. One of his major experience is when he was dealing with American Indians. Many historians believe that he employed brutal and exploitative colonization process in dealings with American Indians. However, other historians such as Leo Lemey believe that John Smith intentions was to free all humanity from oppression and want. John’s writings shows that despite the challenges and trials, his endeavors were to promote successful English colonization. He wanted a situation where those individuals with natural ability are allowed to rise to leadership position, irrespective of their social origin.   His American Dream was motivated by the experiences he had gone through while in England. Source reveals that Smith and other relatively low-born Englishme n had impacted to the society even more positively than most â€Å"gentlemen†. That is why he did not discriminate Indians because he believe that they could achieve all that the English had accomplished. Unlike other colonialists who believed that they were superior and looked down upon or dominate others, Smith sympathized with Indians desire to protect their land. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What John Winthrop and Adam Smith Sought in the New York" essay for you Create order Conclusion The foregoing discussion has reveals that both the John Winthrop and Adam Smith shaped the America by describing how America should be. Whereas John Winthrop envisions American characterized by unity and democracy, Adam Smith envisions America characterized by capitalism and social betterment. Smith argues that a capitalist society is more likely to enjoy more benefits associated with more profits realized by competition. References Holland M. Remembering John WinthropHawthornes Suggestion. Perspectives On Political Science [serial online]. Winter2007 2007;36(1):4-14. Available from: Academic Search Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed October 27, 2014. Whybrow, Peter C. COMMENTARIES: Adam Smiths American Dream: Time To Take Stock. Psychological Inquiry 18.1 (2007): 57-59. Academic Search Complete. Web. 27 Oct. 2014. Litke, Justin B. Varieties Of American Exceptionalism: Why John Winthrop Is No Imperialist. Journal Of Church State 54.2 (2012): 197-213. Academic Search Complete. Web. 27 Oct. 2014.

The Between Modern Liberal Agenda And Traditional Islam

The marked correlation between Islam and gender inequalities in various social institutions is a complex and multi-faceted matter. This paper will seek to explore the disjuncture between modern-liberal agenda and traditional Islam. More thoroughly, the idea of conflicting freedoms will be covered, and exactly how this opposition can be solved to establish a more progressive society. It is important to note that Islam should not be covered under a homogenizing umbrella that establishes them as one culture. To avoid confusion within the paper, there will be a focus on the internal pluralities within the Indian state, and how exactly constitution and civil law (or lack thereof) must be altered to be more accommodating to female members of society. The opposing arguments constituting this multi-faceted debate are progressive liberals who seek to enforce Article 16 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and thos estate hegemons who wish to enforce a traditionalistic regime. A dichotomy of ideologies can be seen between the enforcement of religious liberty and the upholding of basic human rights. It will be contended in this essay that a movement towards a system that promotes individual rights can be achieved in congruity with a system that respects religious freedoms. By analyzing cases of the female experience in conjugal relations, family relations, and civil opportunity in India, a problem can be seen in the deprivation of individual opportunity as a cause of aShow MoreRelatedThe True Face of Islam: Essays on Islam and Modernity in Indonesia1950 Words   |  8 PagesIndonesian writers on Islam is Nurcholish Madjid, rector of the Paramadina University, Jakarta. This collection of essays is the first major English translation of Madjid’s writings. The essays cover a diverse range of issues but are shaped by a common concern for an understanding of Islam that takes into account the myriad challenges that Indonesia is today faced with. 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Alliances of Ww1 Free Essays

Intro- Throughout history there has been many conflicts between groups of people that have threatened peace in many nations and regions. One of these conflicts was world war 1 which involved many countries that sided with one another against each other. There were many causes to this conflict that started all the fighting between the nations. We will write a custom essay sample on Alliances of Ww1 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each country has their own view on who’s fault it was and if it was handled correctly. This war only caused many casualties and economic problems for countries which could of easily been avoided. 1st paragraph – Alliances were a major cause of the conflicts between countries in WW1 The original disagreement was between Serbia and Austria-Hungry over the assassination of Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand. A Serb terrorist group were the ones to kill Ferdinand even though Austria-Hungry assumed it was the Serbian government who did the assassination. Austria asked Germany if they would back then up in a war if they fought Serbia. This was the start to all of the alliances in Europe. Then Russia told Serbia that they would back them up in war which now 4 countries are involved in the war. The sides ended up with Austria, Germany, and Italy called that central powers. Then they were fighting against the allied powers formed of Great Britain, France, Russia, And the U. S. All of the alliances ended up making this war bigger then many excepted it to be. Also have a reason for countries to build up their army so that they will win the war. Great Britain said that they would make their navy two times stronger then any navy in the world. At the same time the Germans were building up their own army on land. Once they started the war it was almost forgotten what had started the war and why they were fighting. Countries that had nothing to do with Austria and Serbia’s disagreement were joining the war just for the chance if winning and gaining more colonies. If the battle only stayed between the Austrians and the Serbs much of this could have been avoided. 2nd paragraph There are many was that you can look at how the the war was played out. One view point of the war was Germany’s and its strange how they thought about the war. At the end of the war the Germans were obviously loosing and there was no way of getting out of it. Although at the same time Woodrow Wilson had thought up the 14 points. These were rules / laws to what would happen once the war was over. Some of it stated that no one would be called the â€Å"loser† of the war. Germany was obviously happy with this because now they just got out of loosing a war badly. Also it stated everyone would lose their colonies and no one would have anymore. This was also great for Germany because they were going to lose their colonies either way, but now that other countries lose them also thats a little better. All the countries got together to discuss about the 14 points and other things forming the treaty of Versailles. Once they started discussing about the treaty it did not look good for Germany. In the treat it says Germany will get its colonies taken away and given to France and Great Britain. They were unhappy cause the 14 points said no one has colonies. The treaty also made Germany pay war reparations to many of the countries with great loss. The Germans did not have much money after the war to begin with and now are forced to pay money to nations who fought against them. Finally Germany had to take blame for all of WW1 which was a bit extreme the Germans thought. There are many countries that contributed to WW1 and to put all the blame on Germany’s shoulders did not seem right to them. That was the biggest upset to the Germans that they were blamed for the war even though they did the same thing as the other countries in the war. 3rd paragraph – In war there are 2 different stories to the side of the war. Great Britain in the war was going against the Germans and their view point was different. Britain were the ones winning the war before it was ended. The U. S. joined in at the end securing the victory for the allied powers. Woodrow Wilson brought his idea of the 14 points to Europe which Great Britain disliked. They did not like the 14 points because they would not be given credit for wining the war. Great Britain believed that since they won the war the credit should go to them, it would only be fair. Under the 14 points it also say’s that there will be no more colonies. Great Britain was excepting more colonies for them since they had won the war. This is a surprise to Britain and did not like the ideas that Woodrow Wilson had came up with. When they treaty of versailles was composed the laws were very different. Germany was blamed for the war which was implying that Germany were the losers of the war. The treaty was also intended to take away colonies except Great Britain and France were able to keep their own. This was because they were the ones composing the treaty and made it good for themselves. It turned out that since Great Britain was such a major power in Europe that they made the rules. They were the ones making the decisions at the resolution of WW1. 4th-pargraph At the end of WW1 many countries were still uneasy with the outcome of the war. The treat to end the war was called the treaty of Versailles and this decided how the end of the war would be concluded. The conflict between the countries was definitely not resolved, there were many countries dissatisfied after the war ended. Many of these countries were upset because of how the treaty of Versailles was made up. The only two countries satisfied with the treaty were Great Britain and France because they decided what would be in it. For a fair treaty you should have all of the countries that would be involved in the meeting. Leaving nations such as Germany out of the meeting causes them to get angry and most likely disobey the treaty. If all countries were allowed to attend the meeting and speak their own opinion. This war could have been settled in a more organized fashion that would have avoid any countries being agervated. I do not think this war was resolved, but easily could have if the right choices were made during makeing the treaty of Versailles. Conclusion – History has had its many conflicts between groups of people that have disagreed with each other . The conflicts of world war 1 which we’re mainly caused by alliances nations made with one another. Many reasons lead to the fighting of world war 1 . At the end of the war if the treaty that settled the fighting was fair less countries would still be unhappy . Once World War 1 ended the death and destruction that came about was incredible , all could have been avoided with more precautions. How to cite Alliances of Ww1, Papers

Cultural Sensitivity towards Women-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.How to handle cultural sensitive situations in a health care system. 2.How inadequate competencies,training and skills can effect patient safety. Answers: Introduction The current assignment deals with the concept of handling and management of cultural sensitive situations within a health and care setup. This is dependent upon the skills sets and competencies possessed by the employees. The following problems have been drafted into the following thesis statements. Thesis statement 1: Handling cultural sensitive situations within a healthcare setup Thesis statement 2: Effect of inadequate competency, lack of training and skills affecting the safety of the patients Theme A1: Cultural sensitivity towards women Objectives: To critically evaluate the effect of cultural paradoxes on the health beliefs of an individual To understand the effect social myths in receiving and utilising optimum health and care services To recommend peer support for addressing the different cultural attributes of health care in girls and women Sub-theme: Effect of cultural practices on health beliefs of an individual As commented by Provost et al. (2015), the different mythical paradigms patronised within different set of cultures can have a huge effect on the individual perceptions about health, illness and disease in a patient. Research question: What are the effects produced by cultural paradoxes in affecting health perceptions of girls? Cultural and spiritual attributes also shapes the resilience level possessed by a patient with respect to the handling and management of pain. Young women with string spiritual connection seem to respond to the handling of pain with a positive attitude (Renzaho et al. 2013). Research question: How does spiritual inclination provide additional pain resilience to the patients? The social myths can act as barrier where patients donot want to seek medical help or are hesitant to approach the medical experts with their problems which they would refer to as private (Dewing Dijk, 2016). Research Question: What are the barriers offered by social myths in accepting medical help by girls? Sub-theme: Social myths as barrier to healthcare As commented by Broom et al. (2014) irrational fear inflicted in the minds of the naive young girls often prevent them from approaching the medical expertise. Research question: How can fear affect the minds of patient receiving health care services? Lack of sufficient support from the friends and family members of the care user can act as a hindrance (Sabin et al. 2015) Research question: How can support from friends and families affect the outlook in patients receiving healthcare services? Economic instability might also prevent the ones in need of health care and support from approaching the relevant health mediating channels (Vissandje et al. 2014). Research question: How can unstable economy affect women health and infrastructure within a country? Sub theme: peer support in health care practices As mentioned by Barrett et al. (2017), people incline towards peer support because of its humanizing effect of care. Research question: How can peer support bring about positive changes within the health and care setup? As asserted by Barrett et al. (2017), the peer support helps in the establishment of autonomy by developing a much more fluid and transparent relationship between the support providers and the support users. Research question: How does peer support helps in the establishment of service autonomy? Theme B1: Peer support in removing social obstacles in health care Theme C1: Analysing and evaluation of social obstacles in health care 2.Theme A2 : Perils of inadequate competency in healthcare Objectives: To critically evaluate the cause of lack of skills and competency within a care setup To design strategies for managing the dearth of skills within a care framework. To address the challenges faced in meeting with the service demands within a disputable environment Sub-theme: Effects produced by lack of skills within a care setup As commented by slade et al. (2014), lacking sufficient competency might result in trust issues, where the patient might not be ready to lean on the support providers. Question: How can lack of training in health care professional result in trust issues in the patients? Lacks of skills often possess hindrance to the multidisciplinary approach to be used in care management (Vissandje et al. 2014). Question: what are the effects produced by lack of skills in adopting a multidisciplinary approach? Inadequate competency and inability to comprehend cultural feelings of the support users might result in a situation of direct conflict (Renzaho et al. 2013). Question: How to avoid conflict situations arising out of cultural sensitivity in a healthcare setup? Sub-theme: lack of skills in establishment of a multidisciplinary approach As mentioned by Stellefson et al. (2013) lacking skills prevents a health care professional from weighing out the alternatives Question: How can multidisciplinary approach help in designing the alternatives? The absence of required amount of competencies can affect the services quality and standards Question: How can lack of skills affect the quality of services in health care setup? Effective communication approaches can help in meeting the requirements of the services (Naslund et al. 2016). Question: what are some of the effective communication strategies which could be adopted in a care set up? Sub theme: Challenges faced in meeting the service requirements Lack of communication skills may result in difficulties in understanding the service requirements (Kress et al. 2015). Question: what required communication strategies need to be established within a care setup? As commented by Provost et al. (2015), gender sensitization can often prevent some of the support users from availing care and support services. Question: How can gender sensitization affect the success of care and support services for young girls? Theme B2: Benefits of multidisciplinary approach in providing the health alternatives Theme C2: Removing gender paradigms and biases within the health care environment. Conclusion Contributions: The current literature can help in elucidating some of the alternate and multidisciplinary approaches, which could be used within the health and care setup in order to meet he different cultural needs. strengths: The present literature can help in removing the social obstacles along with the establishment of a person centred approach through peer groups. weaknesses: Lack of sufficient support and economic help from the government can deter the achievement of the required objectives. gaps /Loopholes: The literature fails to take into consideration the views or apprehensions possessed by the patients towards the contemporary health care setup. future implications: The research can help in addressing some of the vital challenges faced within the contemporary health and care setup. This includes cultural biases and hindrances often faced by a particular gender. In this context, the consultation for health problems suffered by women is still restricted by different cultures across the globe. The same could be attributed to additional amount of resistance offered by strategic social parameters or lack of subconscious or general motivation from peer groups. References Barrett, A. N., Advani, H. V., Chitty, L. S., Su, L. L., Biswas, A., Tan, W. C., ... Choolani, M. (2017). Evaluation of preferences of women and healthcare professionals in Singapore for implementation of noninvasive prenatal testing for Down syndrome.Singapore medical journal,58(6), 298. Broom, A., Broom, J., Kirby, E. (2014). Cultures of resistance? A Bourdieusian analysis of doctors' antibiotic prescribing.Social science medicine,110, 81-88. Cooper, J. M., Dollarhide, C. T., Radliff, K. M., Gibbs, T. A. (2014). No lone wolf: A multidisciplinary approach to creating safe schools for LGBTQ youth through the development of allies.Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling,8(4), 344-360. Dewing, J., Dijk, S. (2016). What is the current state of care for older people with dementia in general hospitals? A literature review.Dementia,15(1), 106-124. Kangovi, S., Barg, F. K., Carter, T., Levy, K., Sellman, J., Long, J. A., Grande, D. (2014). Challenges faced by patients with low socioeconomic status during the post-hospital transition.Journal of general internal medicine,29(2), 283-289. Kierans, C., Padilla-Altamira, C., Garcia-Garcia, G., Ibarra-Hernandez, M., Mercado, F. J. (2013). When health systems are barriers to health care: challenges faced by uninsured Mexican kidney patients.PloS one,8(1), e54380. Kress, H. G., Aldington, D., Alon, E., Coaccioli, S., Collett, B., Coluzzi, F., ... Mangas, A. C. (2015). A holistic approach to chronic pain management that involves all stakeholders: change is needed.Current medical research and opinion,31(9), 1743-1754. Lansdowne, N., Brenton-Rule, A., Carroll, M., Rome, K. (2015). Perceived barriers to the management of foot health in patients with rheumatic conditions.Journal of foot and ankle research,8(1), 14. Lgar, F., Thompson-Leduc, P. (2014). Twelve myths about shared decision making.Patient education and counseling,96(3), 281-286. Naslund, J. A., Aschbrenner, K. A., Marsch, L. A., Bartels, S. J. (2016). The future of mental health care: peer-to-peer support and social media.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences,25(2), 113-122. Provost, S. M., Lanham, H. J., Leykum, L. K., McDaniel Jr, R. R., Pugh, J. (2015). Health care huddles: Managing complexity to achieve high reliability.Health care management review,40(1), 2-12. Purnell, L. D. (2014).Guide to culturally competent health care. FA Davis. Renzaho, A. M. N., Romios, P., Crock, C., Snderlund, A. L. (2013). The effectiveness of cultural competence programs in ethnic minority patient-centered health carea systematic review of the literature.International Journal for Quality in Health Care,25(3), 261-269. Sabin, J. A., Riskind, R. G., Nosek, B. A. (2015). Health care providers implicit and explicit attitudes toward lesbian women and gay men.American journal of public health,105(9), 1831-1841. Slade, M., Amering, M., Farkas, M., Hamilton, B., O'Hagan, M., Panther, G., ... Whitley, R. (2014). Uses and abuses of recovery: implementing recovery?oriented practices in mental health systems.World Psychiatry,13(1), 12-20. Stellefson, M., Dipnarine, K., Stopka, C. (2013). Peer reviewed: The chronic care model and diabetes management in US primary care settings: A systematic review.Preventing chronic disease,10. Vissandje, B., Denetto, S., Migliardi, P., Proctor, J. (2014). Female genital cutting (FGC) and the ethics of care: community engagement and cultural sensitivity at the interface of migration experiences.BMC international health and human rights,14(1), 13