Rise of the Planet of Apes free essay sample

The real essence of communication is usually attained when we encounter situations wherein we truly need it the most. As every human being uses communication as a day-to-day form of addressing thoughts and ideas, animals – with their own way of expression, also make use of this as an essential part of their everyday living. And this was perfectly portrayed and further elaborated in the movie â€Å"Rise of the Planet of Apes†, which includes the current relation of man towards the animals, the effects of modern technology along with its benefits and disadvantages, and most importantly, the significance of good communication not just to every people, but to animals as well. The movie is about an ape who happened to be raised by a scientist after his mother died, and soon obtained the same intelligence as of a man, which was a result of an experiment conducted to cure Alzheimer’s disease. We will write a custom essay sample on Rise of the Planet of Apes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The main characters are: Caesar, the ape who was benevolently nurtured by an amiable scientist named Will Rodman; his father, Charles Rodman, who’s been suffering from Alzheimer’s disease; Will’s girlfriend, Caroline, who’s a primatologist and once checked the health condition and treated the injuries of Caesar; and Will’s boss, Steven Jacobs. The whole movie itself actually captured my heart and indeed, left an unutterable mark in my young mind which only signifies how intensively impressive the movie was. But the most provocative, formidable, and affecting scene which I think, honestly moved me the most, is when Caesar violently attacked the aggravating neighbor in order to protect Mr. Charles Rodman, the currently bewildered father of Will, from being afflicted and threatened by the mad neighbor. Caesar almost scared the man to death, including the other people who lives nearby, which resulted for him to be forcibly removed from Will’s house and be immediately brought by the police into an animal control facility, together with his other fellow apes. This scene almost made me weep, for it only manifests how loving and compassionate Caesar is, to the people who took care and raised him, despite of the fact that he is a different creature, simply not a man. This is exactly why I absolutely oppose with inhumane animal torture, since animals, like us, also has a heart and possesses emotions and feelings as well. They must be fairly taken care of by man, and not treated like a worthless junk or trash. The movie, as it goes along, further reveals the actual significance of communication among everyone, most especially for the animals. Some situations in the movie wherein the apes, including Caesar, make use of communication as a prominent solution to whatever problem he/they were to encounter, such as saving their own menacing lives. The apes may obviously not have the capacity to speak like humans could, but they have their own effective and beneficial way which could possibly be conducive to their goal of expressing their thoughts towards their fellow apes. Such is by using body or sign languages, which, based on one scene from the movie, became a means of communication between Caesar and one of the apes who’s been a former circus performer, Maurice. Communication played a very important role during that situation as Caesar develops his relationship with the other prisoners, including Maurice, as they started to stage an escape. Through communication, they were able to help and protect each other from the unsympathetic treatment of Dodge, the caretaker. And that particular scene just reminded me of how bothered and aggravated I am while watching Dodge, the caretaker, as how he heartlessly treated the apes inside their cages including Caesar. These kind of acts bothers me so much which is certainly the main reason why I whole-heartedly oppose animal cruelty. In fact, I was even amazed on how he came up with that kind of idea since not all humans could actually think of the same solution. But, despite of his brilliant thought, I think I’ll be more careful with the innocent people who might be affected, since Caesar was not able to put that in mind in the movie. Caesar conveyed his rage through great revenge. Caesar may be intelligent, but the wild heart of an ape still beats within his chest. His fellow apes started ripping off places by his order, which eventually results for the people to be more scared of the numerous apes who were bulging towards their faces. If I were Caesar, I could have just taught those cruel and heartless people a lesson, and leave those innocent people behind. Somehow, what they did could also put everybody into a deep realization that if you treat an animal inhumanely, they’ll be treating you the same in return. After all, I’ve been a huge opposer of animal cruelty, so this would probably teach everyone a good lesson. In this age of ecological emergency, more people are seeing the need to recognize their connection with all living beings. Communication between humans and animals has taken on a deeper meaning and urgency. As we, humans, consider communication as a significant matter in a daily basis, animals, also deals with communicating not just to the people that surrounds them, but to their fellow animals, most especially. They have their own ways of expressing their thoughts, except, of course, from speaking fluently like humans. They cannot talk except through sign language (which is used sparingly in the movie), and they convey most of their emotions through facial expressions alone, and those facial expressions can’t cheat what we all know to be the faces of apes, gorillas, and orangutans. Through this, the viewers of the movie were all able to recognize each of the animals’ true emotions and thoughts with the way they portrayed themselves as ‘apes who can’t speak, though could actually think like humans’. At one certain scene, Caesar, possessing such high-intelligence of a human, startled the caretaker by suddenly saying the word ‘NO’ which eventually scared the man for he knew what exactly Caesar wants to say. This was just an example of how animals, despite not having the capability to speak, still has their own hidden feeling kept inside, and may be expressed through a different way that humans could possibly understand. The film brought each one of us into a visual idea of how the world could possibly survive from a huge number of grizzly and obnoxious apes who does nothing but to destruct structures and kill tons of people. It is also a manifestation of the factual essence and significance of communication every now and then, whether it is human-to-human, animal-to-animal, or human-to-animal. The power of communication works within the lives of each individual, and with the animals as well, which must be considered very useful in any kind of scenario.

Wbbm-Fm B96 Station Overview Essays

Wbbm-Fm B96 Station Overview Essays Wbbm-Fm B96 Station Overview Paper Wbbm-Fm B96 Station Overview Paper 96. 3FM WBBM-FM (B96) Background and History Officially dubbed ‘B96’ toward the end of 1982, WBBM-FM (owned and operated by CBS Radio) is currently one of the longest running Top 40/CHR stations in the United States. Originally beginning as nothing more than the FM simulcast of WBBM-AM, the station played a very conservative mix of music appealing to a semi broad demographic. As time went on, WBBM (both AM and FM) began playing towards a younger audience until 1969 when WBBM-FM broke away from the WBBM-AM simulcast and adopted a progressive rock format, which later transitioned to more of Adult Top 40. When Dick Bartley became WBBM-FM’s program director in the late 70’s, the station transitioned from Adult Top 40 to Rhythmic Top 40. When radio consultant Mike Joseph (recognized as the creator of the ‘Hot Hitz’ format) began to oversee WBBM-FM’s operation, the station was renamed and ‘96 Now’ became Chicago’s first ‘Hot Hitz’ station playing nothing but top of the chart pop hits. After Josephs departure from ‘96 Now’ (only about a year after arriving), the station adopted the trademark B96 name. Although B96 has seen slight format alterations since then, the station has yet to completely change format, still embracing its original Hot Hitz/Rhythmic Top 40 format history. To this day B96 remains Chicago’s number one CHR station playing to the female Hispanic (primary) and Caucasian (secondary) 18-34 demographic. Managed by Peter Bowen, the CBS owned station broadcasts to the Chicagoland area with a transmitter of over 4200 watts. Erik Bradley is the current music director, deciding which Rhythmic Top 40 songs will be added to the rotation of the station and Todd Cavanah is the sitting programming director. The voices of B96 are made up of 9 On-Air Personalities (J-Nice, Julian, Showbiz Shelly, Dougie Stylz, J Roman, Rebecca Ortiz, Nikki, Jason Cage and Jerzy) all of which are produced by Mark Baggio and Gabe Ramierz. Jay McNeil, Julian Nieh and Sydney ‘showbiz’ Shelly make up the stations flagship morning show which replaced long running on-air team ‘Eddie and Jobo’ in 2009. Although beginning with a rough start (mainly due to opposition of the cancellation of Eddie and Jobo) B96’s ‘Jay and Julian’ have steadily been climbing towards the top ranks of FM’s morning radio. WBBM-FM’s studios and offices are located in the Prudential Building (180 N Stetson, Suite 963) in Chicago, IL. The signal is sent from this location to the main transmitter location in Elk Grove Village where it is then broadcast to the surrounding areas on a larger scale (4,200 Watts). With most of it’s promotions being related to concert tickets and giveaways within the Top 40 demographic, B96 also produces two collaboration concerts a year (The B96 SumerBash and The B96 JingleBash) both of which feature between 7 and 10 musical acts of national notoriety. The website (www. b96. om) which is used to deliver much of the stations entertainment news and promotions, is a cookie cutter CBS Radio webpage clearly geared for the tech-savvy generation (ages 12+) by incorporating many social networking aspects to the site. The station’s current slogan is â€Å"Chicago’s Number One Hit Music Station†. B96’s main office line is 312. 861. 9600 and the request line 312-591-9696. WBBM-FM uses it’s PPM data and surveys which show that the station is ranked number seven in the Chicago market (for adults aged 25-54) to successfully market the station the highest demographic listener. In July of 2011, B96 obtained a AQH of 143 with a cume of 328,500 persons for their morning show (Mon-Fri 6am-10am). B96 markets itself mainly through the use of live remotes and by sponsoring local high school/college events (sports games, dances and more). They also broadcast live regularly from Six Flags, Great America throughout the summer. They do budget a small amount for billboard ads but they have decreased the amount of advertisement in the recent years. B96 has not advertised by newspaper or television in over 10 years.

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 37

Reflection - Essay Example ings for him in two basic ways; firstly, he developed a rift between himself, his colleagues, and his followers, and secondly, his wrong decisions led everybody into a trouble for which he was held accountable. It would not be so bad if the problem ended here; my leader would rationalize and try to defend himself on his wrong decisions rather than accepting his mistakes and moving forward taking everybody with him. I believe leadership is fundamentally affected by the type of personality traits and behavior one exhibits. In order to be a successful and strong leader, it is imperative that one builds good rapport with the colleagues and followers and serves as a role model for them. Ans. In order to change things for the better and become a strong leader, my leader needs to start working at developing good relations and rapport with the colleagues and followers. He can achieve this by having meetings with them, making them aware of his plans of action, intentions, and intended results, and how they would benefit the community and the institution as a whole. My leader needs to come out of his shell and socialize with his colleagues and followers, take them into confidence, and ideally, seek their advice and opinion in the future decisions. This requires a holistic change in the personality and behavior of my leader which is, in fact, not easy to achieve. However, certain steps may make this easier for him if he takes them. For example, he can read leadership books. These books are written by very experienced and knowledgeable authors who present practicable and expert opinions on ways to change one’s personality and behavior for the better. In order to develop my leadership skills to do justice to the role of a school director, I first need to brainstorm myself upon what exactly is a director of school and what are his responsibilities. Many books, articles, and blogs can be read to develop thorough understanding in this matter. Secondly, I need to assess my

International economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International economics - Assignment Example These fears that caused by the emergence of globalization mainly focused on jobs that might be lost due to the competition from foreign countries. The main threat was on wages and not on jobs as many analyst thought. Trade had little impact on the total number of employment in most of the developed countries. The other thing that trade had minimal effect on was the composition of the level of employment. Given that the labor markets are always flexible, the loss of jobs in one field should be to create other new jobs in another field. Therefore both the relative and the average wages stand a chance of being impacted by trade, this is due to the emergence of economies. For a very long time, real wage has been traced back to the average productive growth. This has however changed in modern times, the real pay of workers in many developed countries has slowly increased than labor productivity. For instance, the real wages that an employee gets in a week in the United States of America has fallen in the middle of income distribution by at least 4% in 2001 alone. During this period, the level of labor productivity has risen by 15%; this is based on real terms. In other economies such as that of Germany and Japan the income distribution is either flat or maybe falling. This has fueled an argument in favor of globalization that is aimed at making the workers to get better wages, it has also improved the security of jobs of the low-skilled workers hence the job loss is reduced. According to the ideas from David Ricardo, he argues that many economies tend to gain from trade through specializing in products that has the capability of comparative advantage. Looking at the economies of many developed countries, there is existence of many skilled workers but that is not the case in countries that are experiencing the emergence of economy since they have low skilled workers. The economist argues that the real wage in the United States of America

What is the value of computerized medical records for patient care Essay

What is the value of computerized medical records for patient care - Essay Example In this regard, it is claimed that computerized medical health records reduce the costs as well as the time associated with maintaining paper records (Rozenbluma et al., 2013). In addition, it is claimed that computerized medical records streamline workflow process, promotes the quality of patients’ care as well as patients’ safety (GE Healthcare, 2011; Rosen, 2010). Caffrey & Park-Lee, (2013) propagated that computerized medical records provide a significant advantage in the overall â€Å"implementation and evaluation processes† of patient health, which is the major pitfall in the traditional system (Caffrey & Park-Lee, 2013). In addition, computerized medical records are advocated to ensure more reliable and complete medical records, which in turn increases the reliability of health care delivered to the patients. Besides, data that are stored in the form of computerized medical records can be retrieved quickly, which further supports the clinical decision maki ng. Precisely stating, the benefits associated with computerized medical records are argued to be substantial to patients, clinic practices, physicians and health care service providers in the current health care industry (Healthcare IT News, 2005; Wang et al., 2003). Rozenbluma, R., Donzà ©, J., Hockey, P. M., Guzdar, E., Labuzettaa, M. A., Zimlichmana, E., & Batesa, D. W. (2013). The impact of medical informatics on patient satisfaction: A USA-based literature review. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 82(3), 141-158. Wang, S. J., Middleton, B., Prosser, L. A., Bardon, C. G., Spurr, C. D., Carchidi, P. J., Kittler, A. F., Goldszer, R. C., Fairchild, D. J., Sussman, A. J., Kuperman, G. J., & Bates, D. W. (2003). A cost-benefit analysis of electronic medical records in primary care. The American Journal of Medicine, 114,

A Freedom Fighter, or Terrorist?

A Freedom Fighter, or Terrorist? The recent surge in Terrorism as a phenomenon has been unparallel in modern history. It now features as one of the top priorities in government agendas for most of the countries around the world. It is debatable whether it has been hyped up to some extent but unarguably has been one of the most unfortunate trends that have made considerable impact on the way of life for all. The security agencies, religious heads, community leaders, experts and such, are all facing a mammoth task of tackling the menace. It is costing governments billions of pounds in loss of lives, properties, trade and importantly confidence. Due to sensitive nature of the issue, involvement of varied drivers, the lethal cocktail of domestic and international politics, the lack of political will to identify root causes, bungled intelligence information and importantly its geographical spread covering all continents are some of the contributing factors that has left the modern world exasperated. The importance of differentiating and defining the legitimate and unlawful has become academic and a matter of statute. This unfortunately has not helped the bigger cause of tackling the issue in a fair manner thus leaving lives of common people at increasing risk. The debate about values of civil society and rights of the oppressed has blurred and can be argued, to such an extent that no common consensus exists in relation to what is acceptable and what is not, leaving ordinary people confused and causing rift between different communities. This however does not diminish the importance of reaching an amicable definition, the need for it is more than ever before, especially to uphold the values of liberty, fairness and democracy in a volatile society. The discussion will elude to some relevant issues in the context of background, causes, and legislation and will endeavour to arrive at a satisfactory definition that hopefully would distinguish the freedom fighter from the terrorist. This discussion would take into account both national and international scenarios on the basis that the phenomenon is not restricted to UK alone and indeed the definitional problems it poses worldwide, as incidentally does the threat of violence from it. Background The Freedom Fighter: To allow this discussion to evolve and formulate, it is imperative to define and differentiate between a freedom fighter and a terrorist. The term freedom fighter can be defined as being for those engaged in a struggle to achieve political freedom for themselves or obtain freedom for others  [1]  . The common conception of a freedom fighter is that it is someone who opposes a cruel or unfair government by fighting against it, using weapons usually as a part of an organised group  [2]  or even someone who uses violent action, or threats of violent action, for political purposes  [3]  . These general definitions provided from varied academics, saturate an area which is already filled with many views and opinions on the definition of such word and how it should be classified. The Terrorist The term terrorist has also been attempted to be defined as being the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion  [4]  . It has also been classed as someone who use violence in order to achieve political aims  [5]  or a person who uses violent methods to try to remove a government from power  [6]  . A terrorist in a definitional sense connotates acts of violence being carried out, in order to fulfil aims. The resistance movement can be clearly termed as activities involving conflict of some nature. The conflict mainly against the authorities as the above definitions seems to presume. The purpose of achieving political freedom or aims indicates opposing some political establishment. It also however signifies restriction of liberty and free will and either a violent or non-violent approach to break these restrictions to make inroads for the organisations willing to do something about it. People who are described as freedom fighters are often also called in popular culture as assassins, rebels, insurgents, or even terrorists. This leads to the dictum one mans terrorist is another mans freedom fighter  [7]  , which poses the difficulty that governments are faced with when trying to define it. A freedom fighter could be meant to consist of someone who will fight for the cause of freedom but as we thoroughly discuss, traditional use of such terminology in popular media is confined to those who are engaged in violent behaviour and those who fight for freedom peacefully are disregarded for the reason that violence by other groups whom claim to be freedom fighter, cast a shadow over them. This also poses the validity of using term armed rebellion as it is linked to violence outside the sphere of traditional terrorism. Nelson Mandela and Yasar Araafat were initially branded terrorists only to be recognised as diplomats and freedom fighters, even though the factions they were linked to were directly responsible for the loss of numerous lives and creating social disorder. In crude comparison even Osama bin Laden was encouraged and supported by US to fight Russia to protect their strategic interest in the area  [8]  . It is ironic that he is now the most wanted man on the earth. The perceived transformation of terrorist to freedom fighter and vice versa in context of their roles blurs the definition even further. The term terrorist and freedom fighter has become distorted with the changing times. It is interesting to note that Seymour above has no qualms in making those blurred boundaries more prominent. His emphasis on differing universal values attached to the activities instead of the blanket definition is worth noting and he suggests that they are the same entity and the difference between them both is only a matter of a opinion and a subjective view. International Perspective: The history of resistance movement goes back to from 1 AD to 6 AD according to various historians, even though no concrete evidence exists as to when the usage of the word terrorism came into existence  [9]  . Various studies have found over 100 definitions of terrorism  [10]  and this coupled with the fact that the term is politically and emotionally charged greatly compounds the difficulty of providing a precise definition  [11]  . Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, the United Nations (UN) strived to classify terrorism, but the implementation of such definition concluded to fail as member states found it difficult to verify it, in regards to the use of violence for national liberation and self determination  [12]  . This was mainly due to Palestine movement which was not only whole heartedly supported by the Middle-East but countries in South Asia, Russia, China and Africa also provided tactical support to the cause as and when it was required. The solidarity groups ac ross the world staged peaceful demonstration on regular basis, mainly to keep the momentum going. The active freedom fighters or comrades of the movement also got involved in violent activities inside and outside of the mainland Palestine. This always posed problems for the countries that hosted such groups and they refrained from making any supporting statements when the activities resulted in loss of lives and destruction of properties. This showed how freedom fighters can immediately become terrorists or undesirables through the actions they undertake. The United Nations General Assembly uses the commonly agreed political definition of terrorism when condemning such acts  [13]  . The declaration reads: Criminal acts intended or calculated to provoke a state of terror in the general public, a group of persons or particular persons for political purposes are in any circumstance unjustifiable, whatever the considerations of a political, philosophical, ideological, racial, ethnic, religious or any other nature that may be invoked to justify them  [14]  . The absence of term violence in the above declaration and its reliance on general criminality of the acts makes it less influential and renders it incapable to deal with modern day trend, which is more complex and extraordinary. It is safe to assume that the criminal laws of any country, irrespective of their political structure must be quite effective in dealing with criminal acts and the declaration ignores variety of internal and external threats the countries may face, such as risk to infrastructure, utilities, national treasurers, technology and others. Due to severity and the new reality that has dawned following 9/11 attacks, then Secretary-General, Kofi Annan, described the terrorist attack on USA as an attack on humanity as a whole, without definition, all terrorism to be condemned whatever the political origins  [15]  . This was a progressive step forward and highlighted the need for rigorous definition and a zero tolerance approach. There was also an acknowledgement and underlying message of not getting too wrapped up with the legal clarity about the definition and instead to tackle the issue at hand in a non-negotiable but effective manner. It is also worth noting the usage of term whatever the political origins, as a conflict of any political nature was considered as a trigger point that may result in terrorism and a battle for self determination. It must be observed that since the rise of terrorism in the west, the Patriot Act 2001 was enacted in the United States of America (USA), which attempted to define terrorism as being premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against non-combatant targets by sub-national groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience  [16]  . This definition has no consideration of the social factors for the cause of terrorism and attempts to infer that political pressure is the only aim . The Act was described as a pendulum reaction to 9/11 event by Lord Carlile  [17]  . The act was scrutinised by both major parties in the USA as it encroached upon and showed scant regard for liberties of the individual  [18]  . The UN has made several resolutions to allow uniform adoption of counter terrorism measures. The United Nations Security Council Resolution 1373  [19]  (2001) was seen as a response to 9/11 and since as become a pillar of the global legal framework for the prevention and suppression of terrorism.  [20]  The introduction of such resolution meant that countries such as Japan took steps in order to freeze the assets of many individuals  [21]  . However it must be noted that although the counter terrorism measure in this resolution were adopted, the resolution failed to define terrorism and persisted to include Al-Qaida and Taliban within the framework of defining terrorism. Further attempts have been made from the UN to understand the growing threat of terrorists. UN Security Council Resolution 1566 defined terrorism as being:- criminal acts, including against civilians, committed with the intent to cause death or serious bodily injury, or taking of hostages, with the purpose to provoke a state of terror in the general public or in a group of persons or particular persons, intimidate a population or compel a government or an international organization to do or to abstain from doing any act.  [22]   This definition takes into consideration of the wide scope of damages that terrorism could cause such as in taking the lives of civilians and does not restrict it to just political aims or in times of war. The further need for a strict definition was attempted also by Tamar Meisels whom advocates a consistent and strict definition of terrorism, which she defines as the intentional random murder of defenceless non-combatants, with the intent of instilling fear of mortal danger amidst a civilian population as a strategy designed to advance political ends  [23]  . This definition seems in include an aim again and shows that violence and instilling fear are the key components of the behaviour of a terrorist. The history of Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) and African National Congress (ANC) is riddled with violence, kidnapping, civil disorder, threats, incitement in order to achieve the aims of these organisations, which in effect was self-determination, freedom, justice, equality, fairness and so on, similar aims of the freedom fighter. The rights of the Palestinian people to self determination has been recognised by the many organisations around the world including the security council and the international court of justice and most importantly even by Israel as well. About 100 nations recognize Palestine as a state  [24]  . In 1990, the successful negotiations between the government and ANC resulted in ending apartheid, culminating in multi-racial democratic elections in 1994, which were won by the African National Congress under Nelson Mandela  [25]  . In both the above cases the uprising was internally and externally supported by individuals, organisations and governm ents across the world. The campaign highlighted the injustices, segregation, and deprivation of basic human rights of indigenous people that became magnet for people to protest against it. It also gave platform for other people and groups internally and sometimes externally to participate in the struggle in a non-violent way. The justification of methods within an organisation is met with the internal wrestling between the political arm and the branch that deals with rebellion by way of force. This has meant that disputes within groups stagnate further development for their cause. There has been an increasing interest at the international level in supplementing traditional human rights principles with rights for minorities within in each group. For example, the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe adopted a declaration on the Rights of National Minorities and established a High Commissioner on National Minorities in 1993  [26]  , this being significant as within the international framework, the rights of minorities are being protected in reaction to terrorism diluting their rights in certain states. Similarities and Differences The above definitions and backgrounds provide useful information on making an informed decision on the similarities and differences between the two. The overlapping of some triggers and factors are inevitable and readers are urged to be cautious when taking a stand for and against the issue. Most of the formal definitions of terrorism and freedom fighter have some common characteristics mainly a fundamental motive to make political or societal changes through use of violence or illegal force. The terms have stark differences as well. The use of violence perpetrated by terrorist is random and does not take into account the destruction of lives and properties of innocent people. The freedom fighter on the other hand, targets governmental and military installations with a view to bring them to the negotiating table. This is in contrast to terrorists who aims to create fear and terror and instead issues orders and demands to surrender and may lack diplomatic channels, resulting in the approach taken by militants, both can command support. The terrorists support comes from clandestine organisations and rouge states. The freedom fighter cause is celebrated and may get support from all sections of the society including democratic institutions. UK Context There is no single definition of terrorism that commands full international approval. It remains the subject of continuing debate in international bodies  [27]  . Lord Carlile arrived at this conclusion after carefully researching the current terrorism laws that exists in 60 countries. The majority of countries selected for the study had either too broad or too narrow scope of definition and importantly were designed to reflect specific political situation and threat of the individual country. Only few European countries had some similar features to UK legislation and context. The Terrorism Act 2000 was aimed to establish a sound definition of terrorism in the law with a view to introduce entirely new set of police and investigatory powers to deal with incidents that would be deemed beyond the ordinary violent offences. It also superseded and repealed some of the previous acts and provisions. Since 2000, the UK has enacted five main pieces of legislation to deal with terrorism  [28]  . Following the events of 9/11, legislation and security measures from the Government were under threat of not going far enough to deal with the issues raised by violence, such as terrorism. Following the events of 9/11, legislation and security measures from the Government were under threat of not going far enough to deal with the issues raised by violence, such as terrorism. In response to this the government initiated CONTEST (I and II) as the main authority for counterterrorism strategy for the UK. It was designed to take account of the evolution of the threat and of our understanding of the factors which are driving it  [29]  . The latest conception of CONTEST attempts to deal with issue that foreign policy concerns breed violent extremism  [30]  . It endeavoured to define how foreign policy in the UK could act as a catalyst for people to turn to extremism. Real or perceived grievances, some international and some local, including in particular: a perception that UK foreign policy in the Muslim world (notably military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan) is hostile to Islam; the experience of wider conflict in the Muslim world and conflict involving Muslims (often attributed either to western intervention or to western indifference); and a range of domestic issues, including racism, inequalities and the experience of criminality and migration.  [31]   This brings the paradoxical argument that, grievances such as the foreign policy of a country could lead to the radicalisation of those aggrieved, who in turn could result in fighting for the cause, and ultimately for the minority the perceived freedom fighter could become an instrument of terrorist activities. It must be mentioned that he report conducted by Lord Carlile  [32]  where he defined terrorism and reviewed all legislation in relation to this topic, has now become a fundamental part of terrorism legislation Terrorism Act 2000 The introduction of the Terrorism Act 2000 signified a huge step in the right direction in the attempts to define such violent acts. The act defined it as being an action which is designed to influence the government through a threat or to intimidate the public and threats made for the purpose for progress of a political, religious or ideological cause can be seen as terrorism, for the purposes of the act. These attempts show that the UK government had stretched the boundaries and attempted to define it. The act also cleared up discrepancies in regards to what type of damage or threats are caused. Section 2 of the Act also defines what type of actions can be inferred to be that of terrorists and includes actions which involve serious violence or serious damage to property. An action which endangers a persons life or a deed which creates serious risk to the public can be also be deemed as actions of terrorism. The act also attempted to cover the rise of technological warfare by includ ing attempts to disrupt electronic systems can also fall under the heading of terrorist activities. It is imperative to mention that the act also considered terrorist activities committed outside of the UK would still be classified as terrorist actions for the purpose of the act. This is important as the scope for actions is wide thus allowing such actions to be classed as terrorist activities. However, this act even with the attempts and inroads it has tried to make in regards to defining terrorism, has been met with criticisms chiefly from Lord Carliles paper. He suggested that the act should include the use or threat is made for the purpose of advancing a political, philosophical, ideological, racial, ethnic, religious or other similar case  [33]  . If the section 1 (1) (c) was to be amended in the 2000 act, it would provide a positive message by enhancing the legal clarity of the act. The Terrorism Act 2006 also extends the range of offences which can be classed as terrorism and included the term glorifies  [34]  , which can be meant as a novel word for a criminal offence. The amendments made by the 2006 Act, such as, glorification and mere preaching cannot be seen as terrorist actions, Lord Carlile was content with the protection that was in place in regards to the misusing of the clause preaching and glorification  [35]  . Like the Patriot Act in the Unit ed States, the current UK law has been scrutinised due to the slow dissolution of key human rights such as right to privacy which allows the police excessive powers, which could result in misuse of them. The Terrorism Act has been wrongly exploited by authorities such as the Police force and Customs as they have often cited the Terrorism Act when combating terrorism when in fact in various cases these events are not connected to those of terrorism. Another contentious issue arising from the act is section 44. This section involves the authorisations available to senior police officers if they believe that it is expedient for the prevention of acts of terrorism, they can confer powers to other police officers to search people and there is no requirement that the officers to do so on reasonable grounds. Stop and searches have been taken advantage of as those with no connection in terrorism can be targeted, such as protesters  [36]  , however the police must have reasonable suspicion that the person pursued is operating as a terrorist, according to the Home Office  [37]  . In many states across the world which breed terrorist organisations, the experience that they have such as poverty and hardship lead to the radicalisation of the masses. Recent research suggests that poverty and illiteracy as well as the conflict in Afghanistan and Iraq are key factors leading to religious extremism  [38]  . This has led to the school of thought that freedom fighters and terrorist have not always derived out of the same background and it is the ideology that they pursue which is different from one another. Summary The discussion on the said topic was approached with a view to define Terrorist and Freedom Fighter, and includes researching various understanding of these terms and the views as expressed by national and international experts, including relevant legislations. The unique characteristics or commonality that compares and distinguishes both terms are vital in critically considering its legitimacy and legal status. The rapidly diminishing boundaries of terrorist and freedom fighter has not only left ordinary people confused but authorities struggling to provide legal clarity as well. The discussion also ask the questions to ponder on the necessity to define these terms to the hilt at the expense of ignoring such a sensitive issue and in turn giving secondary preference to tackling the issue. The Terrorism Act 2000 and subsequent legislation that followed like the Terrorism Act 2006 which made amendments to the 2000 act such as creating new offences in reference to the encouragement of terrorism which deals with the root cause of it  [39]  , provides an insight into the UKs context and how counter-strategy with all its teething problems and weaknesses remains at the heart of providing protection and stability to UK. Conclusion The exclusion of religious causes from the definition of terrorism is controversial and there is no discourse as it stands that political cause may be excluded from the definition, this also applies to an ideological cause. Can there be a religious cause which is neither political nor ideological? If so, should it be under the terrorism umbrella?  [40]   The above questions bring the debate about root cause to the fore. The counter-terrorism strategy identifies the importance of the role specific community should be playing. The Prevent strand aims to tackle the issue through community involvement. It is hoped that by identifying the underlying issues such as foreign policy, discrimination, deprivation etc the authorities would be in better position to address the issue through various community based and led initiatives. This however must not underestimate the importance of containing and eliminating the menace of terrorism through policing and judiciary means mainly via legislation. The international community it seems are still divided over defining the term freedom fighter. The thin line that separates it from terrorist is too risky to be crossed. It also depends on individual countrys foreign policy, e.g. The Middle East whole heartedly supports Palestine movement and some countries also give tactical support in form of funding, promotion etc. The argument with some of the western countries is that the funds can be easily channelled to terrorist causes and openly promoting the cause can have adverse effect on their relationship with Israel, not to forget the wrong message it would send to those elements who could resort to violence and derail the campaign. The current definition of terrorism as it stands now in UK has been rigorously designed and implemented through proper policy making mechanism. The inherent weaknesses and the lessons learnt of abuse of powers since 2000 have either been amended or eliminated. The process of treating each case on merit and trying to identify the root cause can only exasperate the situation. The sensible approach route however would be to look at the end result. Did the activities result in illegal and random violence? Did it cause loss of lives of innocent people and destruction of properties? Have the perpetrators got legitimate concerns that can be resolved through negotiations? Is the issue of persecution, human rights visible and quantifiable? The concept of Freedom Fighting is alien to current UK scenario. The robust laws and legislations in place, the mechanism of transparency and implementation of these laws, the equality and human rights, democratically elected local and central government, rights of citizen, checks and balances of political and judiciary system etc are antithesis to the path of violent struggle for freedom. It is also equally true that any widely accepted and legitimate freedom struggle outside UK such as Burma, Palestine etc must not be underrated. The UK citizens should have right to protest within the boundaries of UK law, including marching, publicity, awareness campaign, funding raising etc. Developing a Successful Corporate Strategy: Examining Volkswagen Developing a Successful Corporate Strategy: Examining Volkswagen A business strategy is an organizational plan with long and short tem purposes of achieving set business goals and objectives. Its a management plan aimed at strengthening the performance of a company through provision of quality products and services and maintaining market share and successfully containing competition (Aaker, 2001). A business strategy can be developed and implemented at three levels of an organization structure; the corporate level, the business level and the departmental level. Developing business strategies at corporate level involves maintaining the business positive performance while ensuring long term success of all business units through improving compatibility among the units. Companies develop corporate strategies to manage their operations, departments, products, services and staff to make the company competitive and ensure that every component contributes to the success and achieving organizational goals. The development and implementation of a business strategy or model involves the use of organizational design which is the process of deciding how a company must form, utilize and combine organizational structure as well as control systems and organizational culture to pursue a business goal (Hill and Gareth 2008). This essay will focus on developing and implementing business strategies at corporate level based on the Volkswagen Group which is a motor manufacturing company. Factors to Consider when Developing a Successful Corporate Strategy Well developed business strategies must address the strategy choice, organization structure, primary people concerns and organizational culture dimensions. Volkswagen Group has identified differentiation as it major market strategy. This strategy involves positioning the group on top of motor manufacturing by the year 2018 with increased service delivery and customer satisfaction. Developing this strategy has been practiced through provision of quality products, new designs and always improving and expanded services that go beyond the normal automobile manufacturing standards. Volkswagen Group therefore focuses on a quality strategy which is a subset of a whole differentiation strategy so that it can outstand among the many competitors in the industry. However, the current increase of many players in motor industry has gone into Volkswagen group strategy plan and implementation because of the greater efforts needed to maintain revenue, market share, reduce costs and most importantly keep customers who seem attract to other cheap car models from other manufacturers. Volkswagen Group management assigns employees to particular value creation tasks and roles that are linked together to create a framework that will increase quality provision, effective service delivery, innovation and responsiveness to customers to increase competitive advantage. This motor manufacturing group has succeeded in integrating the efforts of all employees across all company structure, functions and business sections so that specific set of strategies are achieved. The Volkswagen organizational structure is very flexible with all duties clearly spelled out together with the staff who should undertake them. The structure of the Volkswagen Group organizational structure has been one of the contributing factors to effective implementation of previous strategies because every employee knows his/her job description and expectations. The development of any corporate business strategy must take into account the primary concerns of all the people involved by ensuring production of good quality products and quality services to guarantee customer satisfaction. To achieve this, Volkswagen Group has installed programs to train all its human resources prior and after a strategy is devised and implemented. This assures the company that the staff is capable of turning the business strategies into business values. The choice of its staff is very complete because only staff with great quality combinations for a motor manufacturing industry is considered. Organizational culture is a collection of values, norms, beliefs and attitudes that are common among people and groups in an organization. Volkswagen group has organizational standards that control how the employees interact with each other, with the customers and stakeholders outside the company. Just like many other international companies, the top management of Volkswagen group has the upper hand in ensuring that employees work towards achieving the company strategies and goals because they can influence the kind of beliefs to be exercised in the company. Developing a corporate strategy is therefore a very complex process that is primarily concerned with selection of business area where the organization should operate and compete as well as developing and coordinating business profile through stipulation of objectives, aims and goals (Checco 2005). In developing business strategies organizations must address key strategy components that usually determine the long term performance of such strategies. These components include; strategy reach, competitive contact, managing resources and business relationship and management practices. The corporate strategy reach involves defining corporate mission, vision, objectives and goals. The strengths and opportunities as well as weaknesses and threats are considered in this component. The definition of these management components enables execution of the strategy while ensuring business units are integrated into each other for easy management. The competitive contact is more concerned with speculating the future competition environment and developing products and services that will be able to compete favorable with those of the competitors. Opportunities and threats are more addressed at this point. Coordinating the use of company resources, both material and intellectual across the business units forms the other component of managing corporate activities and relationships. Developing a business strategy dictates that all business units in harmony and compatible with each other such that communication and business instructions can flow from unit to unit (Porter 1998). The effective use and management of corporate resources should be stressed in the strategy since the success of a corporate strategy is dependent on how the resources are utilized. The choice between centralization and decentralization of a corporation needs more considerations such as the external factors that may face business activities, the level of compe tition as well the available resources and the benefits expected to be accrued from such resources. However, every organization should look carefully at its intended corporate strategy as compared to that of its competitors to see if it can better leverage its internal strengths and potential for operational efficiencies because development and implementation of a poor strategy may be the ultimate downfall as many competitors are finding ways to incentivize customer value through lower prices, additional options or more product for the same price to maintain customer base. This could be a battle that Volkswagen group could fail at if it does not keep pace or find a way to show consumers its value. Conclusively, strategic choice, organizational design, culture and principal people concerns shape employee beliefs, behaviors, values and norms and this determines how they will implement the business models and strategies.

Pros and Cons of Home Schooling Essay -- Education Classroom Learning

Pros and Cons of Home Schooling In 1999, the US Department of Education estimated there were 850,000 home schooled children across America. According to the National Home Education Research Institute, between 1.5-1.9 million children are now being home schooled in grades K-12. Why are so many parents taking their children’s education into their own hands? Most parents say it is necessary because they want their children to learn at their own pace. Others say it is for safety concerns or that they want to tailor their child’s education to suit his/her needs. Whatever the reason, it is a growing trend in America.(Walsh, Mary (2001). Human Events. (57)) Many companies now sell home schooling curricula for parents to buy. The religious sect has made home schooling publications available. These include: A Beta Books, Alpha Omega Publications Inc., and Bob Jones University Press, which is affiliated with Christian University in Greenville, S.C. There are home schooling publications for almost any subject or philosophy. One upside is that 40-50% of home schooling families spend less than $400 per year. However, there are many different sources of home schooling curriculum, some with outrageous prices. (Walsh, Mark (2002). Home School Enrollment Surge fuels ‘Cottage’ Industry. Education Week (21)) Parents choose to home school their children for a variety of reasons. Most home schooling parents agree that letting their children learn at their own pace is very beneficial. Another reason that parents like to home school is for convenience. Parents who telecommute to work can stay at home at teach their children while also working. Parents get to spend more time one on one with their child... ... parents may feel that these new teachers are not going to be as effective as teachers of the past. The teachers union has made tenure easier to achieve and this has resulted in many teachers being solidified in their positions, unwilling to change their teaching methods because of their secured job. Teachers in the public school system go on strike to demand increases in salaries and benefits. These problems are not faced in the home schooling atmosphere. Whatever side you take with the debate over home schooling one thing is clear. The number of home schooled children is increasing. This trend may persist until enough pressure is brought to bear in the public education system so that parents have faith in it again. There are undeniable advantages and disadvantages to both styles of learning. In the end the child’s best intentions should be the goal.

Ethical Considerations in Motivated Learning

When students have goals to achieve, the motivation to do more or better goes into overdrive. Goal Theory and Ethical Implications The goal theory of motivation is explained by Such nun (2012) as, â€Å"Goal theory postulates that important relations exist among goals, expectations, attributions, conceptions of ability, motivational orientations, social and self comparisons, and achievement behaviors† (Andersen & Welters, Blundered, Elliot, Maier & Shush, Pinprick, Pinprick & Shush, Whiner, as cited in Chunk 201 2, p. 374). Goals, values, and expectations are roles of motivation within earning as described social cognitive theorists.Goals are set and progress is evaluated, when progress is made toward those goals, an individual's self- efficacy, self-motivation and self-achievement is validated. Goals provide the individual marker points to assess ones progress to mastering the desired outcome or knowledge retention on a particular subject. â€Å"Motivation is goal- directed behavior instigated and sustained by people's expectations concerning the anticipated outcomes of their actions and their self-efficacy for performing those actions† (Bandeau, as cited in Chunk, 201 2, p. 372).The ales of a learner are a key part of this motivation. If they find what they are learning self-satisfying and important they are more likely to be motivated to learn and achieve the goals that have been established. When talking about goals in relation to goal theories it is evident that certain ethical standards may be impacted due to the need of achievement to the final desired outcome. Through achieving goals as an example in social cognitive theory one may have to violate the individual autonomy or safety within the subjects' community.Nagy (201 1) states, There are occasions when psychologists sight have to initiate safeguards to help ensure the autonomy and safety of individuals or communities. † The ethical principles of modern psychologists are to evalua te what ethical standards may be violated in the pursuit of the us abject achieving set goals either through their therapeutic processes or learning processes. Some areas of concern are reflected in individualized role differences, cultural, individual, and vulnerabilities in where access to legal protections and violation of one's personal rights may be threatened.The psychologist is to ensure that other human attributes of the members' immediate society shall not be violated in the pursuit of the subjects goals and should be clearly explained in a therapeutic setting. Achievement Motivation Theory and Ethical Implications The achievement motivation theory is based on the belief that all individuals have needs and go through an unconscious process to attempt to meet these needs (Rayon, 1969). According to Chunk, ‘The study of achievement motivation is central to education and learning' (p. 58). In the achievement motivation theory, individuals strive to be become and remain c ompetent in heir participation in forceful activities. Individuals strive achieve their goals (Whiner, 1975). In learning individuals might strive to be rewarded with good grades for their hard work. The achievement of the grade is what motivates the individual to complete the assignment. The achievement motivation theory has been linked to personality through the desire individuals have to satisfy needs (Chunk, 2012).Contemporary models of achievement motivation theory emphasized the contribution of success expectancy, and an individual's perceived value of the task to be completed (2012). Chunk (2012) tastes, â€Å"Students' initial motivational beliefs center on goals, self-concepts of abilities, and perceptions of task demands† (p. 362). In the self-worth theory of achievement motivation individuals base their achievement in their perception of self-worth based on results of emotional conflicts between hope for success and the fear of failure (Chunk, 2012).An individual i s driven by their anticipation of success and their anxiety of failing. People are driven by their fear of failure and being perceived by others as incompetent and unworthy. Ethical disadvantages to the achievement motivation theory include the low reliability and correlation with other achievement measurements (Chunk, 2012). An individual's perception on the way others perceive them can also be a pitfall in the utilization Of the achievement motivational theory.The cultural background, gender role stereotypes and other ethical issues could alter an individual's perception of their ability to achieve the goals in which they have set. Social Cognitive Theory and Ethical Implications Social Cognitive Theory, developed by Albert Bandeau emphasizes learning based off of social surroundings. As one grows from childhood to adolescence and later in adulthood, there is a heavy influence from family and friends, as well as career setting that mold people into who there are (Chunk, 2010).Band eau stated, â€Å"Learning would be exceedingly laborious, not to mention hazardous if people had to rely solely on the effects of their own actions to inform them what to do. † (Bandeau, 1971). This explains that one develops skills form observation of others. Bandeau goes on to say, â€Å"Fortunately, most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling from observing others one forms an idea of new behaviors are reformed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action. In other words, learning comes from a live model with full demonstration of behavior that is exhibited by others. There are many different ethical dilemmas that can surface in psychological practices with utilization of the social cognitive motivation theory. Kismet (1991) suggested that, â€Å"Studies pertaining to ethical decision making and attitude toward social and behavioral research suggest that certain extra scientific characteristics of researchers may be ass ociated with different stances on ethical issues or may influence the kinds of ethical decisions drawn. Based on the psychologists attitude toward the research could influence the behavior of the participants; engaging in behavior that is deemed unethical. There is always an ethical concern when dealing with biased opinion of psychologists, which can then turned into manipulation to achieve specific results Attribution Theory of Motivation and Ethical Implications In psychology the study of motivation is used to help understand and explain any type of observed change behavior that has occurred in a person.Motivation is usually a valued form of performance since effects that occur from change are typically only temporary (Male, 2004). When a person become slightly motivated to accomplish or perform a task due to a motivation change, this person could latter have very little interest in this task due to another change in motivation. Since motivation changes a channel over and over it becomes difficult to measure and use in psychology (Male, 2004). Primary and basic motives are looked at as hunger, need for drink, sexual, to avoided aggression, pain, and fear.This primary drive of motivation or individuals comes from the basic needs and survival. Secondary individuals typically will look for power, achievement and other specialized motivations. Attribution theory in motivation has been researched in a variety of ways (Male, 2004). Research methods include of electrical stimulation and chemical stimulation in the human brain. This recorded the electric brain wave activity though the use of an electroencephalograph. Lesion techniques are often used to study the portion of the brain that has been destroyed and the subsequent changes have been changed.Attempts to analyze people at psychological level try to understand why people behave in certain ways. Motivation is people could contribute to presence of other in their social world. It is difficult for psychologist t o fully measure what motivates individuals to accomplish secondary motives in their lives making it a high pitfall for psychology use (Male, 2004). Many individuals gain motivation for personal needs and draw motivation from many different areas of life making it hard to measure and test. Conclusion In conclusion, motivated learning has various aspects tied into it.Goals are important for those who are interested in achieving a high level of success. While desiring to reach these goals, students begin to understand that there are steps or tasks to partake in for them to acquire achievement. When students begin to believe how others perceive them, it can cause their motivation to take a left turn. Those who deal with social issues often deal with the influence of the people around them. The motivation to do more has to come from our personal experiences. It can be linked to growing up poor, not have the right people around to guide you, and etc.

Why did the Whitechapel murders attract essays

Why did the Whitechapel murders attract essays White chapel an area between spitalfields and adlagate an area which was ignored many a time in the Victorian ages but why did it attract so much attention? Was it the intense brutality of the murders in which people felt happy and enjoyed reading about it? As jack the ripper would often use beastly methods of killing the 5 prostitutes and then take a part of their anatomy and keep it as a trophy such as in the case of Catherine Eddowes, her throat was cut and her bowels were out. her stomach was ripped up and there was a large cut from her breastbone to her stomach. Her intestines were cut out and her kidney and her womb were also cut out. There were cuts on both eyelids and the tip of her nose was cut off. This attracted so much attention because look at this the women was murdered it such a brutal way and this would have been used as an example for women to be careful and protect themselves against any strange men. This also shows that the people of Whitechapel knew what they were having to deal with. The Whitechapel murders attracted a lot of attention from the media and on two occasions letters that had been supposedly sent from the ripper were released generating more interest. Such an example was set to a Mr. Lusk and is shown below. This leeter was then later realsead to the media and in todays world prompt the question was it a hoax? Was it done to sell more newspapers? Or was it a real letter? Another point that the Whitechapel murders attracted so much attention was the whereabouts were the murders happened. The East End in 1888 was a dangerous place to be and most of the lower class lived there. There were mainly English, Poles and Jewish people living in the East End. The Jews fled from problems in Russia and had settled in the East End and were Jewish population had begun to rise slowly. Many Poles were expelled from Russia and came to live in the East End because ...

Free Essays on Description Of An Ad

I’m going to start this off as simple as I can. I guess it’s the only way I know how. After I describe a section, I’m going to move into more detail about that until I can go no further. I figure the best way to do this would be the general idea of the image, then move onto the who, what, where, when and why of it. I pray to God that I hit five pages, heh. The image is contained in an eight and a halve by eleven space. It’s a full color photo. Within the image are four men at a round wooden table. The two men on the outside of the foursome are cropped. They are all drinking alcohol, rather it’s suggested by the shape of each of their glasses. Three of them are laughing, as if a joke was just told; their attention focused on the second man from the right, who happens to be a very life-like dummy dressed in clothes that mimic that of the men around him. The blond haired caucasian man on the extreme left hand side is wearing a dark blue or black suite with a white or light blue collared shirt on. He is also wearing a grey tie with yellow stripes, or visa versa. He is holding a drink in his right hand that contains a cherry in it. His hand is raised into the air, very close to his face.He has a jovial smile, his attention is focused on the man, rather the dummy to his left, the viewers right. He appears as if he is in his mid to late thirties. The dummy, who is situated next to the man on the extreme left looks to be crafted after a caucasian man, or another lighter skinned ethnicity. The facial features don’t give away too much. It, rather, he, has short black or dark brown hair. His age is rather hard to distinguish. It appears that if he was a real person, he wold be in his late twenties to early thirties. He is also wearing a dark blue or black coat atop a white collared shirt with blue stripes. He is not wearing a tie. The collared shirt is not buttoned all the way up. His right hand is resting on the wooden table ... Free Essays on Description Of An Ad Free Essays on Description Of An Ad I’m going to start this off as simple as I can. I guess it’s the only way I know how. After I describe a section, I’m going to move into more detail about that until I can go no further. I figure the best way to do this would be the general idea of the image, then move onto the who, what, where, when and why of it. I pray to God that I hit five pages, heh. The image is contained in an eight and a halve by eleven space. It’s a full color photo. Within the image are four men at a round wooden table. The two men on the outside of the foursome are cropped. They are all drinking alcohol, rather it’s suggested by the shape of each of their glasses. Three of them are laughing, as if a joke was just told; their attention focused on the second man from the right, who happens to be a very life-like dummy dressed in clothes that mimic that of the men around him. The blond haired caucasian man on the extreme left hand side is wearing a dark blue or black suite with a white or light blue collared shirt on. He is also wearing a grey tie with yellow stripes, or visa versa. He is holding a drink in his right hand that contains a cherry in it. His hand is raised into the air, very close to his face.He has a jovial smile, his attention is focused on the man, rather the dummy to his left, the viewers right. He appears as if he is in his mid to late thirties. The dummy, who is situated next to the man on the extreme left looks to be crafted after a caucasian man, or another lighter skinned ethnicity. The facial features don’t give away too much. It, rather, he, has short black or dark brown hair. His age is rather hard to distinguish. It appears that if he was a real person, he wold be in his late twenties to early thirties. He is also wearing a dark blue or black coat atop a white collared shirt with blue stripes. He is not wearing a tie. The collared shirt is not buttoned all the way up. His right hand is resting on the wooden table ...

Managerial Finance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Managerial Finance - Assignment Example For example a firm is investing a sum of money in a project which promises to yield $200, $400 and $ 1000 in the next three years. Simply adding this figure would give us a wrong estimation as the money is to be received in the coming years and not today therefore we will have to discount these sums of money using a particular interest rate to know the actual worth of dollars that would be today. 2 ) Opportunity Costs are those costs that a firm foregoes in order to pursue some other investment or decision. For example a company has a plot of land that is vacant, it now has two options either to rent it and receive rent income or to use that land to construct its factories that will again earn it some benefit. Now, if the company decides to construct a manufacturing plant on that site it has to forego that rental income which otherwise it would have received if the factory was not built. Hence in finance and business we factor in that cost and include it as an expense to gauge the true outcome of our actual decision. 3) Cost of capital is the cost for a firm of raising capital either through equity or debt. A company has te decide the optimum mix of both as it will invest that money to gain higher returns therefore the lower the cost of capital the better. The cost of capital is determined by the firms target capital structure which is the weight ages in which it wants to raise equity and debt. It is the duty of the Finance Managers to manage a firms cost of capital and define an optimum kevel. 4) The firm’s optimum capital structure is the weight ages of both equity and debt for which the cost of capital is the lowest. We also know that a company cannot raise unlimited amounts of capital for that lowest cost and optimum weight age level. The WACC (Weighted Average cost if capital) changes after a particular level of capital is reached also

Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Financial Management - Essay Example The general principles are not followed to the letter rather they are applied in spirit. The following is a brief summary of some of the most important Rules: Favorable deals are banned and will not be provided to selected shareholders. Same information must be given to all shareholders. The issuer is responsible for the contents of takeover circulars by attaching a statement taking responsibility for the contents. All forecasts relating to profit and valuations of assets must be reported on by professional level advisers and be made as per specified standards. If any unproven or incorrect statements have been made then they need to be immediately rectified by way of public announcement. If an offer has been made then it must be brought to the attention of both the staff of offeror and the offeree. All those actions which might frustrate the offer during the offer making process by the target company are generally prohibited unless shareholders approve these plans. The disclosures of dealings in relevant securities during an offer have established stringent requirements. B. Identify and examine the economic reasons for acquisitions and mergers and discuss why the expected economic benefits may not be reached. The economic reason for acquisitions and mergers is based on the idea that there are two separate companies alone they have limited potential and can offer limited profit on share holder investment hence the primary motivating force for acquiring a company is to generate greater shareholder value for the shareholders. The proponents of acquisitions and mergers are of the view that one separate company on its own has less value but when two companies are merged together they become more valuable. It can also create greater cost efficiency via economies of scale, can augment the company’s profits through gaining a greater market share and tax gains can also be generated. This logic is very appealing to companies during trying times say an economic rec ession. Those companies with a strong financial base will move to acquire rival companies to ensure a more competitive, cost-efficient company. By acquiring or merging with other companies they will hope to attain a larger market share or to attain greater efficiency say by acquiring a particular technology or production process (Sloman & Sutcliffe 2004, pp. 325-330). Due to these potential benefits, companies targeted for acquisition will often agree to be acquired when they know their going concern status is in jeopardy. The expected benefits of acquisitions and mergers may not bear fruit because if we were to look at historical trends they confirm that roughly 66.6% of big merger’s value will decline on the stock market due to its bullish trend or that both the companies who have merged have different corporate cultures. One of the reasons that an acquisition or merger fails is because of the flawed intentions of the parties involved. They might be instituting merger or ac quisition because one of their competitors has undergone a merger, which pushes top executives of other companies to imitate this move and when this happens chances are the merger may often have more to do with seeking glory instead of pursuing business strategy (Maps of