Child Motivation in Literacy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Child Motivation in Literacy - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that pedagogy is an overarching concept, which refers to the calculated process of development cultivation within a given society and culture. It has three fundamental components from this viewpoint: the content or curriculum of what people are being taught; the methodology- manner in which teaching is conducted; and the techniques for children socialization in affective and cognitive skills’ repertoire needed for the successful functioning within the society, which education is meant to promote. The content of teaching or curriculum, may be designed in such a way that it encourages processes of learning (such as attention, memory, observation) as well as cognitive skills (classification, comparing and contrasting, reasoning), and the specific information’s acquisition such as names of alphabetical letters. Teaching strategies or the methods employed in the curriculum’s implementation are the set interactions of individ uals and materials, which teachers plan and use. They include the teaching styles, teaching role, as well as instructional modus operandi. The third pedagogical aspect, which might be perceived as cognitive socialization is the role played by teachers in the early childhood settings. This is via their expectations, teaching strategies, curricular emphasis, in promotion of repertoire of affective and cognitive characteristics as well as the skills, which young children require in moving from the natal culture to the school culture and finally to the larger society’s culture. ... Children engage in numerous things basically because they have a desire of doing them. Choosing a shirt for wearing or a toy is the outcome of their intrinsic motivation in which the child decides on her choices as well as realises contentment from the choosing act as well as the opportunity of playing with her toy or wearing the shirt. Since such activity generates motivation, it is more self-sustaining provided the young child wants continuing with the activity. Young children also do some activities simply because adults direct them or even as efforts of pleasing another party, with such activities being extrinsically motivated. Whenever children are extrinsically motivated, reward comes from the child externally-someone else has to provide it and requires being continually given in order to ensure that the child remains motivated sufficiently to proceed with the activity (Oldfather & Dahl 1994). However, it is difficult for sustenance of the child’s extrinsic motivation du e to this dependence upon some form of external force. Since the intrinsically motivated activities are more rewarding in as well as of themselves, children are exposed to more learning from this mode of activity and retain such learning more effectively (Lorch & van deb Broek, 1997). The intrinsically motivated children have the tendency of being more motivated within their own development and learning. In other words, children have more likelihood of learning and retaining information when they are intrinsically motivated, especially when they believe they are pleasing themselves. Their parents can capitalize on these senses of confidence through guiding their young

Platos The Allegory of the Cave Essay Example for Free

Platos The Allegory of the Cave Essay Even in this abridged version, Platos fable The Allegory of the Cave reflects the vast wisdom of Plato, his teacher and the philosophers of his time. The storys meaning and lessons are as significant today as they were then, and its inclusion in The Republic is well earned. The intentions of Plato in sharing this story seem to be fairly simple. As with all of the works that he included in The Republic, he is attempting to convey a message that relates to government and leadership. I also believe that this story conveys a message to, not just leaders, but people in general. The message that is expressed by this work is that, A lie told often enough becomes the truth.(-Lenin), and when someone is convinced of this lie, the liar can control them. This fable also tells us how, what some people believe to be true may be in fact the exact opposite to truth, and that people must always be open minded, just in case their beliefs are wrong. In the story, the prisoners are convinced that the shadows they see are alive, real and able to speak to them. In fact, however, they are being lied to by puppeteers. Because they have seen this lie so many times, and because it is all that they have seen, for them, it has become the truth. As such, the puppeteers are able to control their lives, by speaking to these prisoners as the shadows. This lesson becomes quite relevant to todays society. It is portrayed in works such as The Matrix and Animal Farm, where the characters are lied to, but because they hear the lie so often, they perceive it as truth. In reality, we find this message to also be evident in the forms of such things as propaganda, in which a message is repeated by so many times, that each person hears a relay from numerous sources. Eventually, because of the numerous sources and repetition of the message, it seems to them to become normal to hear and hence believable. This of course relates to our leaders and government. If such administrations were to use methods like propaganda to convince the public that, for example, the stock market was free trade when in fact it was government controlled, then the government would be able to effectively control the flow of money, and hence peoples lives, without anyone being the wiser. In the end, the ultimate message is that people are able to use lies to exploit others and so we must all be wary. This then relates to the second message conveyed by the work. The piece tells us that the prisoners have extreme difficulty in accepting the reality that the shadows they had seen werent real and how these prisoners would rather return to the shadows over staying in the light. At the end of the story, when a prisoner who has seen the truth returns to tell others, it is implied and can be seen from the reactions of the freed prisoners, that those who still believe in the shadows would prefer to keep doing so. These parts of the story bring to mind two intertwined messages. The first is that, in general, all people have their own views and beliefs on life, and they are happier living under whatever delusions they have convinced themselves of, rather than considering contradictory beliefs. Essentially, for most people ignorance is bliss. Just like the prisoners who are freed from the cave and forced to see the real world, people fear the knowledge of something that might interfere or contradict the beliefs they rely upon. For the most part, they would much rather go on not knowing, and turn from the light and long to return to the shadows. The second seems to be a warning to do the exact opposite of what has been stated above. The fact that the characters in the story, whose views are wrong, are prisoners is very symbolic. Not only are these people prisoners of the puppeteers, they are also prisoners of their own beliefs. Because they do not want to find out about what is real, they are condemned to believe in what is not. The piece warns us that we must not blindly follow our own beliefs, without continually viewing and considering other views that may be true as well. If we do not always consider the ideas of others, we will essentially be trapped by our own adamant conviction in what we think is real. This lesson has become evident in countless cases throughout history, where beliefs about a geocentric universe, a flat earth, etc. were all held to e true and the introduction of the ideas we hold as true today was ridiculed and deemed ludicrous. Today, we believe that the galaxy is heliocentric and that the world is round, but we must always, at some point, question that which believe in. Through this simple story, we are able to see a seldom-realized aspect of human nature, in that many of us blindly follow what we are told, and consequently believe. We can relate deeply to the fable, because, like the prisoners, we as a whole prefer to not know some truths, believe some lies, and have difficulty accepting some realities. By the end of the work, we are left with new thoughts about the reality of our beliefs and faith and are encouraged to re-evaluate our paradigms.

A Strategy Proposal for Obstetric Emergencies

A Strategy Proposal for Obstetric Emergencies REPORT: A STRATEGY PROPOSAL FOR MANDATORY SKILLS AND DRILLS SESSIONS FOR OBSTETRIC EMERGENCIES 1  Executive Summary 1.1 This proposal was carried out following the need for drills as identified and recommended by the CEMACH report. 1.2 The situation was reviewed in the light of current directives regarding inter-professional collaboration. This report will express the necessity to involve all obstetric and neonatal staff, ensuring competency and continuous professional development. The report has identified mechanisms suggested for the introduction of obstetric drills in such a way that they are viewed by the potential participants as a non-threatening mechanism that is highlighting good areas of practice and areas for improvement. The process will stand jointly with a programme of targeted education to address areas of weakness. The process of drills and their feedback will be monitored and refinements made. This system of risk management will feed into the process areas of concern suitable for drill evaluation. 2.  Rationale for Choice of Topic Maternity care has been identified as an area for improvement (Department of Health 2000 An Organisation with a Memory). This topic of drills was chosen because there are clear calls for its use by a number of bodies (these include CEMACH, 1999, the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists’ â€Å"Towards Safer Childbirth† document and CNST) and it well illustrates the importance of multidisciplinary team working. These drills are a requirement of CNST level 2 which confers a 20% reduction in insurance premiums on trusts. Drills have been of proven benefit in improving performance in eclampsia simulations (Thompson, 2004). It is likely that drills in other areas of obstetrics will also lead to improved performance (Thompson, 2004). The midwifery statutory body, the Midwifery Committee of the Nursing and Midwifery Council, and formerly the UKCC are concerned with the regular updating of skills requiring at least five days of training every three years. Humanistic approach The very nature of improving patient care for its own sake should be sufficient impetus to create an environment receptive to this change. The proposal is; The introduction of mandatory skills and drills sessions for obstetric emergencies: WHY: To involve all staff and ensure competency and continuous professional development. To identify staff who need more training e.g. study days. WHO: Midwives and other clinical staff, to encourage professional development and capability to deal with emergency situations. WHAT: Shoulder dystocia Antepartum and post partum haemorrhage Eclampsia Undiagnosed breech presentation Neonatal and Maternal resuscitation Placental abruption CNST actually recommends the following drills annually; Cord Prolapse Vaginal Breech delivery Shoulder Dystocia Antepartum Haemorrhage / Severe postpartum Haemorrhage HOW: Monthly skills and drills Change skill monthly Each drill twice a year Each midwife to attend a minimum of one of each skill per year 3.  Critical Discussion Background: The drills will be a part of evidence-based training through practical skills, on emergency situations occurring in the antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum period to prevent maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity (CEMACH). The latest report of the Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths sates that â€Å"emergency drills for maternal resuscitation should be regularly practised in clinical areas in all maternity units.† The Clinical Negligence Scheme for Trusts (CEMACH) has Maternity Clinical Risk Management Standards. CNST (level 2, April, 2005) Criterion 5.2.1 states; â€Å"There is a system in place to ensure that all relevant staff participate in  an annual skills drill.† The CNST documentation advises that; â€Å"Collaborative, multidisciplinary practice sessions or â€Å"drills†, for dealing with emergency situations, allow for all members of staff, especially new and junior staff, to know and understand their specific roles and  responsibilities in an emergency.† The CNST also states; â€Å"Critical incident analysis is an effective educational and management  tool, and its use should be incorporated into the philosophy and daily  management of Labour Wards.† For CNST satisfaction in this criterion there must be verification records of all those who attend each drill. The rills should be linked to a training programme. There should be at least 75% attendance and ideally 100% attendance. Critical incidents in obstetrics are uncommon. Whilst the risk management already in place may highlight weaknesses in provision of care and remedial measures may subsequently be taken such as further training it is advantageous to simulate these uncommon but acutely life-threatening situations in order to feed the results into the risk management process. Inter-Professional Team: It is especially important that the drills involve the multidisciplinary team. The following members will be regularly involved; Midwives Maternity assistants Obstetricians of all grades Anaesthetists Operating department assistants Porters Neonatal paediatricians and nurses Students It is important that all the people involved in an actual emergency are considered when setting up a drill. In some scenarios the haematology team may be involved following consultation beforehand. The more realistic the drill the more valuable it will prove. Strategy The proposal consists of a number of aspects (Roberts, 1998) such as assembling a project team, planning the drills, implementation, evaluation, modification then further implementation of the drills, further evaluation and so on. With regard to strategy introducing drills does not fit so well into there being an agreed process in advance with the likely participants in the drill. This will make the drill less realistic and, especially if the subject matter is known in advance, it will enable participants to prepare. A fine balance will be sought between gaining the support of the individuals affected via effective interpersonal sills and leadership to enable an atmosphere of trust. This approach is of proven benefit (Kassean, 2005). This will involve informing the clinicians that drills will take place and the reasons why and that they should enable improvement in practice and team working with emphasis on this being in a non-threatening manner. During initial drills the performance will depend on the abilities, clinical and team working of all the clinicians attending and will also depend on the drill itself. There are two things to evaluate; staff performance and the drill itself. The drill can be modified. The weak areas in the performance of staff can be evaluated and training issues made good. On repetition of the drills subsequent staff performance will reflect and can be used as a measure of the success or otherwise of the implementation of the drills. Discussion: It will be important to pay particular attention to discussion and accurate planning of the drills. Meetings will be set up involving management and including the Professional Development Officer, Risk Management Officer, Head of Midwifery and Clinical Liaison Officer. Although it is proposed to cover the above lists the needs and timing and degree of repetition of specific drills will be determined by incident reports. The risk management process will feed into the drill planning. The teaching elements will be modified in timing, content and repetition according to specific performance in the drills. Individual training can then be addressed where needed and appropriate and more general sessions also provided with the relevant attendance facilitated. The objective, which will be made transparent, is to maximise the combined motivation and effort of all those likely to be involved in the change. Resources needed: There are some resource implications although these are fairly minimal compared to the likely gains. Staff time is involved in setting up the drills. Rooms need to be available. However clinical rooms will be used for instance (but not confined to) the delivery suite when it is quiet. Standard equipment will be used and this will incur costs. It may be necessary to purchase models or these may already be available on the unit. Some handouts may be necessary and documentation will need to be kept of attendance registers and the progress and evaluation of the drills. Management of change There are many change theories. Particularly illustrative of the inertia to change is a major component of Lewin’s (1951) theory of change. Here people are â€Å"frozen† in a particular manner of doing things. There are many reasons for this rigid position. Whilst some of the reasons relate to external factors the crucial resistance to change is at the level of the individual. In order for the individual to change, their way of thinking about the factor needs to be addressed. Too much pressure however can make an individual more resistant to change (Broome, 1998). Too many stressors will decrease the level of performance (Broome, 1998). An example of a successful change implementation emphasised the importance of communication at this stage in the change process (Kassean, 2005). Once the individual accepts the reasons for the change rather than just that change is necessary they can make the change, then further freezing in the new position effects the change. Ethical and legal considerations Midwives must be accountable for the actions and they have a duty of care to be up to date with their training. There are fitness to practice issues inherent here. Dimond (2006) describes the outcomes of some recent legal cases concerning interdisciplinary communication and management of obstetric emergencies. Evidence of team working and adherence to appropriate guidelines will help in the defence of such problems. The process of drills and further training and repeat drills will help to create a learning culture (Garcarz, 2003). Burke (2003) compares their own study of the effectiveness and the subsequent changes in practice following drills to large awards where delivery was less timely than in their drills. Evaluation Feedback will be obtained in a variety of formats including questionnaires and in reflective practice interviews. This will enable qualitative data to be obtained and analysed. Quantitative data will be obtained and statistically analysed. This evidence will be used to evaluate just how effective the drills and the associated training are in improving clinical practice and team working in the simulation environment. Informal feedback will be acquired from discussion in team meetings of those involved in the drills as trainers and trainees. Such feedback will be helpful in assessing problems not identified elsewhere and will also be illustrative of the real barriers to change and how these might be addressed. 4.  Conclusion The introduction of obstetric drills is mandatory for CNST level 2 and is also recommended practice from a number of other bodies. There is evidence in the literature that such drills can be introduced in a manner which is accepted by participants and which is effective in the subsequent improvement of performance criteria. 5.  References Broome A 1998 Managing Change 2nd Edition. Basingstoke, Macmillan Burke C 2003 Scenario training: how we do it and the lessons we have learned. Clinical risk 9 103-6 CEMACH [WWW] http://www.cemach.org.uk/publications/WMD2000_2002/wmd-intro.htm accessed 23 April 2006-04-23 Clinical Negligence Scheme for Trusts Maternity Clinical Risk Management Standards April 2005 http://www.nhsla.com/NR/rdonlyres/EE1F7C66-A172-4F0C-8A36-7FCCD31A52A0/0/CNSTMaternityStandardsApril2005final.pdf accessed on 23 April 2006 Clinical Negligence Scheme for Trusts CNST [WWW] Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom 1999 Why mothers die. London: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Department of Health 2000 An organisation with a memory. Report of an expert group on learning from adverse events in the NHS, chaired by the Chief Medical Officer. London: Stationery Office Dimond B 2006 Legal Aspects of Midwifery, 3rd edition. Butterworth-Heinneman, UK Garcarz W Chambers R Ellis S 2003 Make your healthcare organisation a learning organisation. Radcliffe. Oxford Kassean HK Jagoo ZB 2005 Managing change in the nursing handover from traditional to bedside handover – a case study from Mauritius BMC Nursing 2005, 4:1 1472-6955 Lewin K 1951 Field Theory in Social Science. New York: Harper and Row Roberts K Ludvigsen C Project management for health care professionals Butterworth Heineman Oxford Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists 1999 Towards safer childbirth. London; RCOG Thompson S Neal S Clark V 2004 Clinical risk management in obstetrics: eclampsia drills BMJ328:269-271

Days of delivery (narrative) Essay -- essays research papers

Pregnancy and childbirth are a part of nature. Delivering a child can be a beautiful experience. However, delivery can also be very painful and can last for days.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My mom drove me to what would become my last visit to the doctor’s office before giving birth to my daughter. Dr. Dermer observed me and then told me to be at the hospital around six thirty that evening. He advised me to eat a good dinner before departing for the hospital. Dr. Dermer had decided to induce my labor, due to the fact that I was two weeks past my due date.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I ate a good dinner and left to go to the hospital. I distinctly remember the feeling that I had in the pit of my stomach. I could not determine if the feeling was fear, anxiety, relief, or a combination of all of them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I arrived at the hospital the first thing that I had to do was register. Registration only took a few minutes because Dr. Dermer had already phoned the registration department and pre-registered me. I was now on my way to Labor and Delivery.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As soon as I arrived in the labor and delivery department, I saw Brian, the father of my unborn child, and his best friend Chris. I was relieved to know that he had already arrived at the hospital. One of the nurses came over and escorted us to my room. She told me to undress and put my hospital gown on. After I put my gown on, I climbed into the bed. The nurse then proceeded to stick me with needles. She had to withdraw some blood and start my IVs. She explained that the medicine in my IV bag was going to very slowly induce my labor overnight. The nurse also explained to me that this process was to prepare my body for the following morning when my medication would be increased. A short while later, I fell asleep.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I was awakened the next morning by beeps from the IV machine. The beeps were caused from the nurse increasing the dosage of my medication. At this time, I had no idea of the day that I had ahead of me.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Around eleven that morning, I began to feel light flutters deep inside my stomach. The flutters felt as if they were rising to the surface of my stomach. Once the flutters arrived at the surface, they then seemed to pull on the surface of my stomach. The pull was a very light pull and it ac... ...rmer stated at that time that if I had not dilated anymore by three that he would have to go ahead and perform a cesarean.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At five minutes until three the nurse checked me once again. I had still only dilated four centimeters. She paged Dr. Dermer and he told her to go ahead and prepare for the cesarean. Dr. Dermer came in at five minutes after three and checked me one last time. I had dilated nine centimeters. Dr. Dermer said â€Å"We won’t be doing a cesarean today, she is going to have this baby.† He told me to slide down to the bottom of the bed and put my feet in the stirrups. A minute later he said he could feel the baby’s head. Every one was telling me to push. I grasped the handles on the side of my bed tightly and I pushed with all of my might. My daughter was born at 3:36 p.m. Brian and I had already picked out her name. We named her Courtney Brooke.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nine years have passed since my unforgettable experience with childbirth. I love my daughter dearly and I will always cherish the memories of my three-day delivery process but believe me when I say that I will not experience the excruciating pain of childbirth again.

Helping the Environment Essay

Trees are very important to humans. As part of the environment, we must. More and more trees are being cut to sustain the needs for products such as paper. Making small ways to help the environment is important to make a difference. As a hypothesis, I presume that preventing the use of paper towels and napkins that are made from trees can help the environment. The use of cloth as napkins paper instead of those made of paper at homes, restaurants and other places have significant contributions to the demand of paper products. Paper towels and napkins are disposable products made of paper. It serves the same general purposes as conventional towels, such as drying hands, wiping windows and dusting. However, cloth and rugs and ordinary towels can serve the same purpose. It is also more durable. It will wiser to use cloth instead of paper napkins since it is cheaper to use because cloth can be washed and used again. . If you replace the majority of paper towels and napkins with cloth rags or cloth napkins, the savings to the environment are tangible. The average cost of paper towels is about anywhere from 1. 00 to 2. 25 per roll depending on the brand. The demand for paper products such as napkins has a huge impact on the amount of trees being cut. According to the Law of Supply and Demand, as the demand increases the corresponding supply must be produced. It implies that, as the demand for paper towels and napkins increases, more trees are more likely to be cut down in order to address. I would say I use at least 4 roles of paper towels a week with approx. 100 sheets a roll and its 2 ply sheets which is just a stronger type of paper towel. In order to contribute something to the environment, one should avoid using paper products like paper towels and napkins. Instead of disposable napkins, use a handkerchief. A campaign for not using such products can also have significant effects on the number of trees to be cut. In conclusion, even in small things we can contribute big changes to help the problems in the environment. We should all be aware of the consequences of our daily consumption. REFERENCES: Tsien, Tsuen-Hsuin, ‘†Paper and Printing,† vol. 5 part 1 of Needham, Joseph Science and Civilization in China:. Cambridge University Press, 1986.

Problems with Child Labor Essays

Problems with Child Labor Essays Problems with Child Labor Essay Problems with Child Labor Essay Child labor essay Children have been involved in family based errands for all of imaginable human history. Nonetheless, at the wake of the 19th century when massive industrial expansion was taking place and many families moving to urban centers, people had to seek work to survive. This momentous change saw the first major wave of children seeking wage employment to survive or rake income to support themselves. During the time, child labor was not a major concern because mercantilist ideologies had a ruthless and exploitative imperial stance about labor. Through the 19th century and 20th century Britain and America, child labor became a social crisis. Child labor refers to the deliberate employment of children in activities that interfere with their normal schooling, that is mentally and socially harmful to their development and that is exploitative. Thesis Statement Some of the best ways to address child labor is through legislations that ensure all children access mandatory basic schooling up to the age of 16, ensuring effective parenting and empowerment of the children about their rights and privileges. Essay on child labor Child labor is mostly promoted by poverty as a supply side economic prerogative. On the demand side, incidences of child labor are exacerbated when there is poor enforcement of legislations that protect children. There has been intensive progress on the part of governments to exercise the relevant legislations that support children rights. Nevertheless, there is still much to be done. The geography of child labor is even more revealing. Whenever poverty is heightened and means of livelihood exceed familys stretched resources for sustenance, there is often the pressure among children to seek employment to meet basic needs of feeding, clothing and acceptability within the household. Nonetheless, homeless parents also contribute to the surge of destitute children in cities who have to find employment to survive. Children under the age of 16 are regarded as vulnerable in key physical and mental capacity to sustain meaningful employment. In 2008, the International Labor Organization (ILO) estimated that 153 million children were involved in exploitative labor worldwide. Out of this number, more that 60% were in the agricultural industries and the rest were in mines, factory work and some home based processing industries. The highest ranked risked nations for child labor globally according to a 2012 survey are Myanmar, North Korea, Somali and Sudan. These countries have insecurity as a national experience, they have dictatorships other than democratic leaders and the rule of law is weakly implemented (Rosenthal Hawkins 230). The efforts to address child labor should make a priority of ensuring state stability, democratization, the advancement of the rule of law and adequate security for the citizenry. The trend of child labor is even more pronounced recently as a result massive outsourcing of labor to poor nations. Global interconnectedness has come with opportunities as well as challenges. A key legislative tool is the fight against child labor at the global level is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which many nations are chartered to. In the contemporary scene, many nations across the globe have laws that seek to protect children from the risk of child labor. Much more needs to be done through collaborated efforts by Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs), civil society groups, households and multinationals having global operations. It is only through a concerted effort that the war against child labor can be won because apart from the exposure to child labor a more sinister crime of human trafficking also target vulnerable children. The vulnerability of children is a matter than should be addressed swiftly with extensive intelligence operations and extensive policing. Persons involved in child labor are corrupt; they use violence against children and can extend their abusive operations on children because of their vulnerability. In India and Brazil, diverse methods have been tried and there is considerable success. These nations use child empowerment through the education system to teach them their rights and indulge in extended campaigns against child labor (Nogler Pertile 44). Between England and the United States, there are limited futuristic trends of child labor because of the use of extensive legislations and policing. Among developing nations and those worst hit by civil strife, insecurity and high incidences of absolute poverty, progress shall come slowly. Demographic changes in many societies is a major challenge for government planning and social welfare and such nations need to rapidly upgrade their governance mechanisms to address the question of child exploitation, human trafficking which affects vulnerable children and slavery in its diverse forms. Conclusion Child labor adversely affects the development of children as well as deprives them vital opportunity to undertake schooling. Schooling is the only way to extract children from exploitation so that they can be effectively taught to prepare for careers and professional lives that are satisfying and fulfilling. Intense efforts have been done to attain this goal but the challenges of corruption or poverty or poor legislative functions cannot be wished away in the short run. According to ILO, the minimum age convention and the minimum wage legislations shall make greater impact as governments move forward with ratification schedules. Nogler, Luca, and Marco Pertile. Child labour in a globalized world: a legal analysis of ILO action. Routledge, 2016. Print. Rosenthal, Paul C., and Anne E. Hawkins. Confronting Child Labor in Global Agricultural Supply Chains: Applying the Law of Child Labor in Agricultural Supply Chains: A Realistic Approach. UC Davis J. Intl L. ; Poly 21 (2015): 157-279.

Durex supports Essay Example

Durex supports Essay Example Durex supports Paper Durex supports Paper Durex is a brand of condoms under the United Kingdom Company SSL International. With Durex’s creed of Durability, Reliability, and Excellence, the company has become the number 1 condom brand in the world. With investments in marketing and innovation, Durex is recognized as a premium brand of condoms. The company has prided itself in the innovation of the condom market. Durex introduced the first modern lubricated condom in 1957, the first anatomically shaped condom in 1969, and in 1974 produced the first spermicidally lubricated condom. They have continued their innovative strategy in the creation of nons of this are resource packs for schools, healthcare sponsorships, and campaigns and newsletters advocating safe sex and AIDS awareness. The firm has also been working with several humanitarian organizations such as UNAIDS, WHO, UNICEF, and Red Cross. Durex has been supporting government public campaigns to ensure the success and effectiveness in reducing STIs and unplanned pregnancies (The Economist, 1999). One of the greatest strength of the company lies in brand longevity and loyalty. Durex has been able to establish their brand name firmly in the market, which gives them a significant advantage. Consumers are not willing to risk buying a relatively unpopular brand, given the risks involved, and will stick to known brands of condoms. However, with the growing popularity of other methods of birth control Durex has to act to make sure that they remain a competitive force in the market. 2. Worldwide, Durex condom sales account for nearly 30 percent of the total sales. One of the leading providers of condoms, Durex is sold in over 150 countries worldwide and is the market leader of condoms in nearly 40 countries (DoubleClick, 2005). The company has controlled the condom market in Britain and England before they decided to go global. Though other condom brands were present they did not pose any significant threat, and Durex was able to hold around 50 percent of the condom market in Europe. In the early 1990’s Durex had an 80% market share in Britain and 45% with their European brands (Newland, 1998). Durex’s success in different countries can be attributed to their aggressive foray into the international market with widespread advertising in 1994. Earnings increased by 15 percent annually, and worldwide condom sales increased by 3 percent. European shares grew to 50% of the market, and similar figures are present in Asian countries (Newland, 1998). Durex continues to maintain their dominance in these regions, with ongoing plans for multiple expansions. Eastern Europe has been a target of Durex with the purchase of several units in Russia the company is planning to raise stakes to 50%. Durex will also open a new factory in China, with the capability to produce over a billion condoms annually (Lundgren Mustoe, 2009). The only region that Durex has failed to dominate is the United States. Only holding 20% of the market share in that region, Durex faces tough competition from the leading American condom brand, Trojan. Trojan accounts for 70% of condom sales in the U. S. , nearly four times as large as Durex (Koerner, 2006). Durex has instead focused on other regions because of the immense difficulty in penetrating the existing market base that Trojan has in the United States. Bibliography DoubleClick. (2005). Durex Condoms Leverages DARTÂ ® for Advertisers for First Online Campaign. DoubleClick Inc. Fox, H. L. (1995). Durex Stretches Its Brief. Marketing , 14. Koerner, B. (2006, September 29). The Other Trojan War: Whats the best selling condom in America. Retrieved May 2009, from Slate: slate. com/id/2150552/ Lundgren, K. , Mustoe, H. (2009, March 9). Condom Sales in Eastern Europe to Bolster Durex Maker. Retrieved May 2009, from Bloomberg: bloomberg. com/apps/news? pid=20601085sid=alzlSKQch0c8refer=europe Newland, F. (1998). How Durexs Strength Keeps Entrants at Bay. Marketing Week , 20. The Economist. (1999). Go Forth and Dont Multiply. 62.